History.pushState()

In an HTML document, the history.pushState() method adds an entry to the browser's session history stack.

Syntax

history.pushState(state, title [, url])

Parameters

state

The state object is a JavaScript object which is associated with the new history entry created by pushState(). Whenever the user navigates to the new state, a popstate event is fired, and the state property of the event contains a copy of the history entry's state object.

The state object can be anything that can be serialized. Because Firefox saves state objects to the user's disk so they can be restored after the user restarts the browser, we impose a size limit of 2 MiB on the serialized representation of a state object. If you pass a state object whose serialized representation is larger than this to pushState(), the method will throw an exception. If you need more space than this, you're encouraged to use sessionStorage and/or localStorage.

title

Most browsers currently ignore this parameter, although they may use it in the future. Passing the empty string here should be safe against future changes to the method. Alternatively, you could pass a short title for the state to which you're moving. If you don't need the title to be changed you could use document.title.

url Optional

The new history entry's URL is given by this parameter. Note that the browser won't attempt to load this URL after a call to pushState(), but it might attempt to load the URL later, for instance after the user restarts the browser. The new URL does not need to be absolute; if it's relative, it's resolved relative to the current URL. The new URL must be of the same origin as the current URL; otherwise, pushState() will throw an exception. If this parameter isn't specified, it's set to the document's current URL.

Description

In a sense, calling pushState() is similar to setting window.location = "#foo", in that both will also create and activate another history entry associated with the current document. But pushState() has a few advantages:

• The new URL can be any URL in the same origin as the current URL. In contrast, setting window.location keeps you at the same document only if you modify only the hash.
• You don't have to change the URL if you don't want to. In contrast, setting window.location = "#foo"; only creates a new history entry if the current hash isn't #foo.
• You can associate arbitrary data with your new history entry. With the hash-based approach, you need to encode all of the relevant data into a short string.

Note that pushState() never causes a hashchange event to be fired, even if the new URL differs from the old URL only in its hash.

Examples

This creates a new browser history entry setting the state, title, and url.

JavaScript

const state = { 'page_id': 1, 'user_id': 5 }
const title = ''
const url = 'hello-world.html'

history.pushState(state, title, url)

Change a query parameter

const url = new URL(window.location);
url.searchParams.set('foo', 'bar');
window.history.pushState({}, '', url);

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Working with the History API
• Window: popstate event