std::condition_variable_any::wait

template< class Lock > void wait( Lock& lock );	(1)	(since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Predicate > void wait( Lock& lock, Predicate pred );	(2)	(since C++11)

wait causes the current thread to block until the condition variable is notified or a spurious wakeup occurs, optionally looping until some predicate is satisfied.

1) Atomically unlocks lock, blocks the current executing thread, and adds it to the list of threads waiting on *this. The thread will be unblocked when notify_all() or notify_one() is executed. It may also be unblocked spuriously. When unblocked, regardless of the reason, lock is reacquired and wait exits. If this function exits via exception, lock is also reacquired. (until C++14)

2) Equivalent to

while (!pred()) {
    wait(lock);
}

This overload may be used to ignore spurious awakenings while waiting for a specific condition to become true. Note that lock must be acquired before entering this method, and it is reacquired after wait(lock) exits, which means that lock can be used to guard access to pred().

If these functions fail to meet the postconditions (lock is locked by the calling thread), std::terminate is called. For example, this could happen if relocking the mutex throws an exception, (since C++14)

Parameters

lock - an object of type Lock that meets the BasicLockable requirements, which must be locked by the current thread

pred

predicate which returns false if the waiting should be continued.

The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:

bool pred();

Return value

(none).

Exceptions

May throw `std::system_error`, may also propagate exceptions thrown by `lock.lock()` or `lock.unlock()`.	(until C++14)
Does not throw.	(since C++14)

2) Same as (1) but may also propagate exceptions thrown by pred

Notes

The effects of notify_one()/notify_all() and each of the three atomic parts of wait()/wait_for()/wait_until() (unlock+wait, wakeup, and lock) take place in a single total order that can be viewed as modification order of an atomic variable: the order is specific to this individual condition_variable. This makes it impossible for notify_one() to, for example, be delayed and unblock a thread that started waiting just after the call to notify_one() was made.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
 
std::condition_variable_any cv;
std::mutex cv_m; // This mutex is used for three purposes:
                 // 1) to synchronize accesses to i
                 // 2) to synchronize accesses to std::cerr
                 // 3) for the condition variable cv
int i = 0;
 
void waits()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
    std::cerr << "Waiting... \n";
    cv.wait(lk, []{return i == 1;});
    std::cerr << "...finished waiting. i == 1\n";
}
 
void signals()
{
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        std::cerr << "Notifying...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
 
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
 
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        i = 1;
        std::cerr << "Notifying again...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
}
 
int main()
{
    std::thread t1(waits), t2(waits), t3(waits), t4(signals);
    t1.join(); 
    t2.join(); 
    t3.join();
    t4.join();
}

Possible output:

Waiting...
Waiting...
Waiting...
Notifying...
Notifying again...
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1

wait_for	blocks the current thread until the condition variable is woken up or after the specified timeout duration (public member function)
wait_until	blocks the current thread until the condition variable is woken up or until specified time point has been reached (public member function)