Standard library header <cmath>
This header was originally in the C standard library as <math.h>
.
This header is part of the numeric library.
Macro constants
(C++11)(C++11) | indicates the overflow value for float , double and long double respectively (macro constant) |
(C++11) | evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float (macro constant) |
(C++11) | evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (macro constant) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant) |
Classification |
|
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | indicates a floating-point category (macro constant) |
Types
float_t
(C++11) | most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float (typedef) |
double_t
(C++11) | most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as double (typedef) |
Functions
Basic operations |
|
(C++11)(C++11) | absolute value of a floating point value (|x|) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | remainder of the floating point division operation (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | signed remainder of the division operation (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | fused multiply-add operation (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | larger of two floating point values (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | smaller of two floating point values (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | positive difference of two floating point values (max(0, x-y)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | not-a-number (NaN) (function) |
Linear interpolation |
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(C++20) | linear interpolation function (function) |
Exponential functions |
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(C++11)(C++11) | returns e raised to the given power (ex) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | returns 2 raised to the given power (2x) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | returns e raised to the given power, minus one (ex-1) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes natural (base e) logarithm (ln(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes common (base 10) logarithm (log10(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | base 2 logarithm of the given number (log2(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x)) (function) |
Power functions |
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(C++11)(C++11) | raises a number to the given power (xy) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes square root (√x) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes cubic root (3√x) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (√x2 +y2 ) (function) |
Trigonometric functions |
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(C++11)(C++11) | computes sine (sin(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes cosine (cos(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes tangent (tan(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes arc sine (arcsin(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes arc cosine (arccos(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes arc tangent (arctan(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants (function) |
Hyperbolic functions |
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(C++11)(C++11) | computes hyperbolic sine (sh(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | computes hyperbolic cosine (ch(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | hyperbolic tangent (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes the inverse hyperbolic sine (arsinh(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine (arcosh(x)) (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh(x)) (function) |
Error and gamma functions |
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(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | error function (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | complementary error function (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | gamma function (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | natural logarithm of the gamma function (function) |
Nearest integer floating point operations |
|
(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer not less than the given value (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer not greater than the given value (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer using current rounding mode (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs (function) |
Floating point manipulation functions |
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(C++11)(C++11) | decomposes a number into significand and a power of 2 (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) | decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | multiplies a number by FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | extracts exponent of the number (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | extracts exponent of the number (function) |
(C++11)(C++11) (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | next representable floating point value towards the given value (function) |
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | copies the sign of a floating point value (function) |
Classification and comparison |
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(C++11) | categorizes the given floating point value (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the given number has finite value (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the given number is infinite (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the given number is NaN (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the given number is normal (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the given number is negative (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second (function) |
(C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second (function) |
(C++11) | checks if two floating-point values are unordered (function) |
Special mathematical functions |
|
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | associated Laguerre polynomials (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | associated Legendre polynomials (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | beta function (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (complete) elliptic integral of the first kind (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (complete) elliptic integral of the second kind (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (complete) elliptic integral of the third kind (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | regular modified cylindrical Bessel functions (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | cylindrical Bessel functions (of the first kind) (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | irregular modified cylindrical Bessel functions (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | cylindrical Neumann functions (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (incomplete) elliptic integral of the first kind (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (incomplete) elliptic integral of the second kind (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (incomplete) elliptic integral of the third kind (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | exponential integral (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Hermite polynomials (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Legendre polynomials (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Laguerre polynomials (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Riemann zeta function (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | spherical Bessel functions (of the first kind) (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | spherical associated Legendre functions (function) |
(C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | spherical Neumann functions (function) |
Synopsis
namespace std { using float_t = /*see definition*/; using double_t = /*see definition*/; } #define HUGE_VAL /*see definition*/ #define HUGE_VALF /*see definition*/ #define HUGE_VALL /*see definition*/ #define INFINITY /*see definition*/ #define NAN /*see definition*/ #define FP_INFINITE /*see definition*/ #define FP_NAN /*see definition*/ #define FP_NORMAL /*see definition*/ #define FP_SUBNORMAL /*see definition*/ #define FP_ZERO /*see definition*/ #define FP_FAST_FMA /*see definition*/ #define FP_FAST_FMAF /*see definition*/ #define FP_FAST_FMAL /*see definition*/ #define FP_ILOGB0 /*see definition*/ #define FP_ILOGBNAN /*see definition*/ #define MATH_ERRNO /*see definition*/ #define MATH_ERREXCEPT /*see definition*/ #define math_errhandling /*see definition*/ namespace std { float acos(float x); double acos(double x); long double acos(long double x); float acosf(float x); long double acosl(long double x); float asin(float x); double asin(double x); long double asin(long double x); float asinf(float x); long double asinl(long double x); float atan(float x); double atan(double x); long double atan(long double x); float atanf(float x); long double atanl(long double x); float atan2(float y, float x); double atan2(double y, double x); long double atan2(long double y, long double x); float atan2f(float y, float x); long double atan2l(long double y, long double x); float cos(float x); double cos(double x); long double cos(long double x); float cosf(float x); long double cosl(long double x); float sin(float x); double sin(double x); long double sin(long double x); float sinf(float x); long double sinl(long double x); float tan(float x); double tan(double x); long double tan(long double x); float tanf(float x); long double tanl(long double x); float acosh(float x); double acosh(double x); long double acosh(long double x); float acoshf(float x); long double acoshl(long double x); float asinh(float x); double asinh(double x); long double asinh(long double x); float asinhf(float x); long double asinhl(long double x); float atanh(float x); double atanh(double x); long double atanh(long double x); float atanhf(float x); long double atanhl(long double x); float cosh(float x); double cosh(double x); long double cosh(long double x); float coshf(float x); long double coshl(long double x); float sinh(float x); double sinh(double x); long double sinh(long double x); float sinhf(float x); long double sinhl(long double x); float tanh(float x); double tanh(double x); long double tanh(long double x); float tanhf(float x); long double tanhl(long double x); float exp(float x); double exp(double x); long double exp(long double x); float expf(float x); long double expl(long double x); float exp2(float x); double exp2(double x); long double exp2(long double x); float exp2f(float x); long double exp2l(long double x); float expm1(float x); double expm1(double x); long double expm1(long double x); float expm1f(float x); long double expm1l(long double x); float frexp(float value, int* exp); double frexp(double value, int* exp); long double frexp(long double value, int* exp); float frexpf(float value, int* exp); long double frexpl(long double value, int* exp); int ilogb(float x); int ilogb(double x); int ilogb(long double x); int ilogbf(float x); int ilogbl(long double x); float ldexp(float x, int exp); double ldexp(double x, int exp); long double ldexp(long double x, int exp); float ldexpf(float x, int exp); long double ldexpl(long double x, int exp); float log(float x); double log(double x); long double log(long double x); float logf(float x); long double logl(long double x); float log10(float x); double log10(double x); long double log10(long double x); float log10f(float x); long double log10l(long double x); float log1p(float x); double log1p(double x); long double log1p(long double x); float log1pf(float x); long double log1pl(long double x); float log2(float x); double log2(double x); long double log2(long double x); float log2f(float x); long double log2l(long double x); float logb(float x); double logb(double x); long double logb(long double x); float logbf(float x); long double logbl(long double x); float modf(float value, float* iptr); double modf(double value, double* iptr); long double modf(long double value, long double* iptr); float modff(float value, float* iptr); long double modfl(long double value, long double* iptr); float scalbn(float x, int n); double scalbn(double x, int n); long double scalbn(long double x, int n); float scalbnf(float x, int n); long double scalbnl(long double x, int n); float scalbln(float x, long int n); double scalbln(double x, long int n); long double scalbln(long double x, long int n); float scalblnf(float x, long int n); long double scalblnl(long double x, long int n); float cbrt(float x); double cbrt(double x); long double cbrt(long double x); float cbrtf(float x); long double cbrtl(long double x); // absolute values int abs(int j); long int abs(long int j); long long int abs(long long int j); float abs(float j); double abs(double j); long double abs(long double j); float fabs(float x); double fabs(double x); long double fabs(long double x); float fabsf(float x); long double fabsl(long double x); float hypot(float x, float y); double hypot(double x, double y); long double hypot(long double x, long double y); float hypotf(float x, float y); long double hypotl(long double x, long double y); // three-dimensional hypotenuse float hypot(float x, float y, float z); double hypot(double x, double y, double z); long double hypot(long double x, long double y, long double z); float pow(float x, float y); double pow(double x, double y); long double pow(long double x, long double y); float powf(float x, float y); long double powl(long double x, long double y); float sqrt(float x); double sqrt(double x); long double sqrt(long double x); float sqrtf(float x); long double sqrtl(long double x); float erf(float x); double erf(double x); long double erf(long double x); float erff(float x); long double erfl(long double x); float erfc(float x); double erfc(double x); long double erfc(long double x); float erfcf(float x); long double erfcl(long double x); float lgamma(float x); double lgamma(double x); long double lgamma(long double x); float lgammaf(float x); long double lgammal(long double x); float tgamma(float x); double tgamma(double x); long double tgamma(long double x); float tgammaf(float x); long double tgammal(long double x); float ceil(float x); double ceil(double x); long double ceil(long double x); float ceilf(float x); long double ceill(long double x); float floor(float x); double floor(double x); long double floor(long double x); float floorf(float x); long double floorl(long double x); float nearbyint(float x); double nearbyint(double x); long double nearbyint(long double x); float nearbyintf(float x); long double nearbyintl(long double x); float rint(float x); double rint(double x); long double rint(long double x); float rintf(float x); long double rintl(long double x); long int lrint(float x); long int lrint(double x); long int lrint(long double x); long int lrintf(float x); long int lrintl(long double x); long long int llrint(float x); long long int llrint(double x); long long int llrint(long double x); long long int llrintf(float x); long long int llrintl(long double x); float round(float x); double round(double x); long double round(long double x); float roundf(float x); long double roundl(long double x); long int lround(float x); long int lround(double x); long int lround(long double x); long int lroundf(float x); long int lroundl(long double x); long long int llround(float x); long long int llround(double x); long long int llround(long double x); long long int llroundf(float x); long long int llroundl(long double x); float trunc(float x); double trunc(double x); long double trunc(long double x); float truncf(float x); long double truncl(long double x); float fmod(float x, float y); double fmod(double x, double y); long double fmod(long double x, long double y); float fmodf(float x, float y); long double fmodl(long double x, long double y); float remainder(float x, float y); double remainder(double x, double y); long double remainder(long double x, long double y); float remainderf(float x, float y); long double remainderl(long double x, long double y); float remquo(float x, float y, int* quo); double remquo(double x, double y, int* quo); long double remquo(long double x, long double y, int* quo); float remquof(float x, float y, int* quo); long double remquol(long double x, long double y, int* quo); float copysign(float x, float y); double copysign(double x, double y); long double copysign(long double x, long double y); float copysignf(float x, float y); long double copysignl(long double x, long double y); double nan(const char* tagp); float nanf(const char* tagp); long double nanl(const char* tagp); float nextafter(float x, float y); double nextafter(double x, double y); long double nextafter(long double x, long double y); float nextafterf(float x, float y); long double nextafterl(long double x, long double y); float nexttoward(float x, long double y); double nexttoward(double x, long double y); long double nexttoward(long double x, long double y); float nexttowardf(float x, long double y); long double nexttowardl(long double x, long double y); float fdim(float x, float y); double fdim(double x, double y); long double fdim(long double x, long double y); float fdimf(float x, float y); long double fdiml(long double x, long double y); float fmax(float x, float y); double fmax(double x, double y); long double fmax(long double x, long double y); float fmaxf(float x, float y); long double fmaxl(long double x, long double y); float fmin(float x, float y); double fmin(double x, double y); long double fmin(long double x, long double y); float fminf(float x, float y); long double fminl(long double x, long double y); float fma(float x, float y, float z); double fma(double x, double y, double z); long double fma(long double x, long double y, long double z); float fmaf(float x, float y, float z); long double fmal(long double x, long double y, long double z); // linear interpolation constexpr float lerp(float a, float b, float t); constexpr double lerp(double a, double b, double t); constexpr long double lerp(long double a, long double b, long double t); // classification / comparison functions int fpclassify(float x); int fpclassify(double x); int fpclassify(long double x); bool isfinite(float x); bool isfinite(double x); bool isfinite(long double x); bool isinf(float x); bool isinf(double x); bool isinf(long double x); bool isnan(float x); bool isnan(double x); bool isnan(long double x); bool isnormal(float x); bool isnormal(double x); bool isnormal(long double x); bool signbit(float x); bool signbit(double x); bool signbit(long double x); bool isgreater(float x, float y); bool isgreater(double x, double y); bool isgreater(long double x, long double y); bool isgreaterequal(float x, float y); bool isgreaterequal(double x, double y); bool isgreaterequal(long double x, long double y); bool isless(float x, float y); bool isless(double x, double y); bool isless(long double x, long double y); bool islessequal(float x, float y); bool islessequal(double x, double y); bool islessequal(long double x, long double y); bool islessgreater(float x, float y); bool islessgreater(double x, double y); bool islessgreater(long double x, long double y); bool isunordered(float x, float y); bool isunordered(double x, double y); bool isunordered(long double x, long double y); // mathematical special functions // associated Laguerre polynomials double assoc_laguerre(unsigned n, unsigned m, double x); float assoc_laguerref(unsigned n, unsigned m, float x); long double assoc_laguerrel(unsigned n, unsigned m, long double x); // associated Legendre functions double assoc_legendre(unsigned l, unsigned m, double x); float assoc_legendref(unsigned l, unsigned m, float x); long double assoc_legendrel(unsigned l, unsigned m, long double x); // beta function double beta(double x, double y); float betaf(float x, float y); long double betal(long double x, long double y); // complete elliptic integral of the first kind double comp_ellint_1(double k); float comp_ellint_1f(float k); long double comp_ellint_1l(long double k); // complete elliptic integral of the second kind double comp_ellint_2(double k); float comp_ellint_2f(float k); long double comp_ellint_2l(long double k); // complete elliptic integral of the third kind double comp_ellint_3(double k, double nu); float comp_ellint_3f(float k, float nu); long double comp_ellint_3l(long double k, long double nu); // regular modified cylindrical Bessel functions double cyl_bessel_i(double nu, double x); float cyl_bessel_if(float nu, float x); long double cyl_bessel_il(long double nu, long double x); // cylindrical Bessel functions of the first kind double cyl_bessel_j(double nu, double x); float cyl_bessel_jf(float nu, float x); long double cyl_bessel_jl(long double nu, long double x); // irregular modified cylindrical Bessel functions double cyl_bessel_k(double nu, double x); float cyl_bessel_kf(float nu, float x); long double cyl_bessel_kl(long double nu, long double x); // cylindrical Neumann functions; // cylindrical Bessel functions of the second kind double cyl_neumann(double nu, double x); float cyl_neumannf(float nu, float x); long double cyl_neumannl(long double nu, long double x); // incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind double ellint_1(double k, double phi); float ellint_1f(float k, float phi); long double ellint_1l(long double k, long double phi); // incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind double ellint_2(double k, double phi); float ellint_2f(float k, float phi); long double ellint_2l(long double k, long double phi); // incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind double ellint_3(double k, double nu, double phi); float ellint_3f(float k, float nu, float phi); long double ellint_3l(long double k, long double nu, long double phi); // exponential integral double expint(double x); float expintf(float x); long double expintl(long double x); // Hermite polynomials double hermite(unsigned n, double x); float hermitef(unsigned n, float x); long double hermitel(unsigned n, long double x); // Laguerre polynomials double laguerre(unsigned n, double x); float laguerref(unsigned n, float x); long double laguerrel(unsigned n, long double x); // Legendre polynomials double legendre(unsigned l, double x); float legendref(unsigned l, float x); long double legendrel(unsigned l, long double x); // Riemann zeta function double riemann_zeta(double x); float riemann_zetaf(float x); long double riemann_zetal(long double x); // spherical Bessel functions of the first kind double sph_bessel(unsigned n, double x); float sph_besself(unsigned n, float x); long double sph_bessell(unsigned n, long double x); // spherical associated Legendre functions double sph_legendre(unsigned l, unsigned m, double theta); float sph_legendref(unsigned l, unsigned m, float theta); long double sph_legendrel(unsigned l, unsigned m, long double theta); // spherical Neumann functions; // spherical Bessel functions of the second kind double sph_neumann(unsigned n, double x); float sph_neumannf(unsigned n, float x); long double sph_neumannl(unsigned n, long double x); }
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