std::reduce

template<class InputIt>
typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type reduce(
    InputIt first, InputIt last);

template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt>
typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type reduce(
    ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
    ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last);

template<class InputIt, class T>
T reduce(InputIt first, InputIt last, T init);

template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class T>
T reduce(ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
         ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, T init);

template<class InputIt, class T, class BinaryOp>
T reduce(InputIt first, InputIt last, T init, BinaryOp binary_op);

template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class T, class BinaryOp>
T reduce(ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
         ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, T init, BinaryOp binary_op);

The behavior is non-deterministic if binary_op is not associative or not commutative.

The behavior is undefined if binary_op modifies any element or invalidates any iterator in [first; last], including the end iterator.

Parameters

Return value

Generalized sum of init and *first, *(first+1), ... *(last-1) over binary_op,

where generalized sum GSUM(op, a
1, ..., a
N) is defined as follows:

• if N=1, a
  1
• if N > 1, op(GSUM(op, b
  1, ..., b
  K), GSUM(op, b
  M, ..., b
  N)) where
• b
  1, ..., b
  N may be any permutation of a1, ..., aN and
• 1 < K+1 = M ≤ N

in other words, reduce behaves like std::accumulate except the elements of the range may be grouped and rearranged in arbitrary order.

Complexity

O(last - first) applications of binary_op.

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

• If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
• If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Notes

If the range is empty, init is returned, unmodified.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <execution>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<double> v(10'000'007, 0.5);
 
    {
        auto t1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        double result = std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0.0);
        auto t2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> ms = t2 - t1;
        std::cout << std::fixed << "std::accumulate result " << result
                  << " took " << ms.count() << " ms\n";
    }
 
    {
        auto t1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        double result = std::reduce(std::execution::par, v.begin(), v.end());
        auto t2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> ms = t2 - t1;
        std::cout << "std::reduce result "
                  << result << " took " << ms.count() << " ms\n";
    }
}

std::accumulate result 5000003.50000 took 12.7365 ms
std::reduce result 5000003.50000 took 5.06423 ms

See also