std::hypot, std::hypotf, std::hypotl

float       hypot ( float x, float y );
float       hypotf( float x, float y );

double      hypot ( double x, double y );

long double hypot ( long double x, long double y );
long double hypotl( long double x, long double y );

Promoted    hypot ( Arithmetic1 x, Arithmetic2 y );

float       hypot ( float x, float y, float z );

double      hypot ( double x, double y, double z );

long double hypot ( long double x, long double y, long double z );

Promoted    hypot ( Arithmetic1 x, Arithmetic2 y, Arithmetic3 z );

The value computed by the two-argument version of this function is the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point (x,y) from the origin (0,0), or the magnitude of a complex number x+iy.

The value computed by the three-argument version of this function is the distance of the point (x,y,z) from the origin (0,0,0).

Parameters

Return value

If a range error due to overflow occurs, +HUGE_VAL, +HUGE_VALF, or +HUGE_VALL is returned.

If a range error due to underflow occurs, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• hypot(x, y), hypot(y, x), and hypot(x, -y) are equivalent
• if one of the arguments is ±0, hypot(x,y) is equivalent to fabs called with the non-zero argument
• if one of the arguments is ±∞, hypot(x,y) returns +∞ even if the other argument is NaN
• otherwise, if any of the arguments is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

Implementations usually guarantee precision of less than 1 ulp (units in the last place): GNU, BSD, Open64.

std::hypot(x, y) is equivalent to std::abs(std::complex<double>(x,y)).

POSIX specifies that underflow may only occur when both arguments are subnormal and the correct result is also subnormal (this forbids naive implementations).

Distance between two points (x1,y1,z1) and (x2,y2,z2)on 3D space can be calculated as std::hypot(x2-x1, y2-y1, z2-z1).

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cfloat>
#include <cstring>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main()
{
    // typical usage
    std::cout << "(1,1) cartesian is (" << std::hypot(1,1)
              << ',' << std::atan2(1,1) << ") polar\n";
    // special values
    std::cout << "hypot(NAN,INFINITY) = " << std::hypot(NAN,INFINITY) << '\n';
    // error handling
    errno = 0;
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    std::cout << "hypot(DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX) = " << std::hypot(DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX) << '\n';
    if (errno == ERANGE)
        std::cout << "    errno = ERANGE " << std::strerror(errno) << '\n';
    if (fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW))
        std::cout << "    FE_OVERFLOW raised\n";
}

(1,1) cartesian is (1.41421,0.785398) polar
hypot(NAN,INFINITY) = inf
hypot(DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX) = inf
    errno = ERANGE Numerical result out of range
    FE_OVERFLOW raised

See also