grapheme_substr
(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PECL intl >= 1.0.0)
grapheme_substr — Return part of a string
Description
Procedural style
grapheme_substr ( string $string , int $start [, int $length ] ) : string
Return part of a string
Parameters
-
string -
The input string. Must be valid UTF-8.
-
start -
Start position in default grapheme units. If $start is non-negative, the returned string will start at the $start'th position in $string, counting from zero. If $start is negative, the returned string will start at the $start'th grapheme unit from the end of string.
-
length -
Length in grapheme units. If $length is given and is positive, the string returned will contain at most $length grapheme units beginning from $start (depending on the length of string). If $length is given and is negative, then that many grapheme units will be omitted from the end of string (after the start position has been calculated when a start is negative). If $start denotes a position beyond this truncation,
falsewill be returned.
Return Values
Returns the extracted part of $string.
Examples
Example #1 grapheme_substr() example
<?php $char_a_ring_nfd = "a\xCC\x8A"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE' (U+00E5) normalization form "D" $char_o_diaeresis_nfd = "o\xCC\x88"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS' (U+00F6) normalization form "D" print urlencode(grapheme_substr( "ao" . $char_a_ring_nfd . "bc" . $char_o_diaeresis_nfd . "O", 2, -1 )); ?>
The above example will output:
a%CC%8Abco%CC%88
See Also
- grapheme_extract() - Function to extract a sequence of default grapheme clusters from a text buffer, which must be encoded in UTF-8
- » Unicode Text Segmentation: Grapheme Cluster Boundaries
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https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.grapheme-substr.php