QTimeLine Class

The QTimeLine class provides a timeline for controlling animations. More...

Header:	#include <QTimeLine>
qmake:	QT += core
Since:	Qt 4.2
Inherits:	QObject

This class was introduced in Qt 4.2.

• List of all members, including inherited members

Public Types

enum	CurveShape { EaseInCurve, EaseOutCurve, EaseInOutCurve, LinearCurve, SineCurve, CosineCurve }
enum	Direction { Forward, Backward }
enum	State { NotRunning, Paused, Running }

Properties

currentTime : int curveShape : CurveShape direction : Direction duration : int

easingCurve : QEasingCurve loopCount : int updateInterval : int

Public Functions

	QTimeLine(int duration = 1000, QObject *parent = nullptr)
virtual	~QTimeLine()
int	currentFrame() const
int	currentTime() const
qreal	currentValue() const
QTimeLine::CurveShape	curveShape() const
QTimeLine::Direction	direction() const
int	duration() const
QEasingCurve	easingCurve() const
int	endFrame() const
int	frameForTime(int msec) const
int	loopCount() const
void	setCurveShape(QTimeLine::CurveShape shape)
void	setDirection(QTimeLine::Direction direction)
void	setDuration(int duration)
void	setEasingCurve(const QEasingCurve &curve)
void	setEndFrame(int frame)
void	setFrameRange(int startFrame, int endFrame)
void	setLoopCount(int count)
void	setStartFrame(int frame)
void	setUpdateInterval(int interval)
int	startFrame() const
QTimeLine::State	state() const
int	updateInterval() const
virtual qreal	valueForTime(int msec) const

Public Slots

void	resume()
void	setCurrentTime(int msec)
void	setPaused(bool paused)
void	start()
void	stop()
void	toggleDirection()

Signals

void	finished()
void	frameChanged(int frame)
void	stateChanged(QTimeLine::State newState)
void	valueChanged(qreal value)

Reimplemented Protected Functions

virtual void

timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event) override

Detailed Description

It's most commonly used to animate a GUI control by calling a slot periodically. You can construct a timeline by passing its duration in milliseconds to QTimeLine's constructor. The timeline's duration describes for how long the animation will run. Then you set a suitable frame range by calling setFrameRange(). Finally connect the frameChanged() signal to a suitable slot in the widget you wish to animate (for example, setValue() in QProgressBar). When you proceed to calling start(), QTimeLine will enter Running state, and start emitting frameChanged() at regular intervals, causing your widget's connected property's value to grow from the lower end to the upper and of your frame range, at a steady rate. You can specify the update interval by calling setUpdateInterval(). When done, QTimeLine enters NotRunning state, and emits finished().

Example:

...
progressBar = new QProgressBar(this);
progressBar->setRange(0, 100);

// Construct a 1-second timeline with a frame range of 0 - 100
QTimeLine *timeLine = new QTimeLine(1000, this);
timeLine->setFrameRange(0, 100);
connect(timeLine, SIGNAL(frameChanged(int)), progressBar, SLOT(setValue(int)));

// Clicking the push button will start the progress bar animation
pushButton = new QPushButton(tr("Start animation"), this);
connect(pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), timeLine, SLOT(start()));
...

By default the timeline runs once, from the beginning and towards the end, upon which you must call start() again to restart from the beginning. To make the timeline loop, you can call setLoopCount(), passing the number of times the timeline should run before finishing. The direction can also be changed, causing the timeline to run backward, by calling setDirection(). You can also pause and unpause the timeline while it's running by calling setPaused(). For interactive control, the setCurrentTime() function is provided, which sets the time position of the time line directly. Although most useful in NotRunning state, (e.g., connected to a valueChanged() signal in a QSlider,) this function can be called at any time.

The frame interface is useful for standard widgets, but QTimeLine can be used to control any type of animation. The heart of QTimeLine lies in the valueForTime() function, which generates a value between 0 and 1 for a given time. This value is typically used to describe the steps of an animation, where 0 is the first step of an animation, and 1 is the last step. When running, QTimeLine generates values between 0 and 1 by calling valueForTime() and emitting valueChanged(). By default, valueForTime() applies an interpolation algorithm to generate these value. You can choose from a set of predefined timeline algorithms by calling setCurveShape().

Note that by default, QTimeLine uses the EaseInOut curve shape, which provides a value that grows slowly, then grows steadily, and finally grows slowly. For a custom timeline, you can reimplement valueForTime(), in which case QTimeLine's curveShape property is ignored.

See also QProgressBar and QProgressDialog.

Member Type Documentation

enum QTimeLine::CurveShape

This enum describes the default shape of QTimeLine's value curve. The default, shape is EaseInOutCurve. The curve defines the relation between the value and the timeline.

Constant	Value	Description
QTimeLine::EaseInCurve	0	The value starts growing slowly, then increases in speed.
QTimeLine::EaseOutCurve	1	The value starts growing steadily, then ends slowly.
QTimeLine::EaseInOutCurve	2	The value starts growing slowly, then runs steadily, then grows slowly again.
QTimeLine::LinearCurve	3	The value grows linearly (e.g., if the duration is 1000 ms, the value at time 500 ms is 0.5).
QTimeLine::SineCurve	4	The value grows sinusoidally.
QTimeLine::CosineCurve	5	The value grows cosinusoidally.

See also setCurveShape().

enum QTimeLine::Direction

This enum describes the direction of the timeline when in Running state.

Constant	Value	Description
QTimeLine::Forward	0	The current time of the timeline increases with time (i.e., moves from 0 and towards the end / duration).
QTimeLine::Backward	1	The current time of the timeline decreases with time (i.e., moves from the end / duration and towards 0).

See also setDirection().

enum QTimeLine::State

This enum describes the state of the timeline.

Constant	Value	Description
QTimeLine::NotRunning	0	The timeline is not running. This is the initial state of QTimeLine, and the state QTimeLine reenters when finished. The current time, frame and value remain unchanged until either setCurrentTime() is called, or the timeline is started by calling start().
QTimeLine::Paused	1	The timeline is paused (i.e., temporarily suspended). Calling setPaused(false) will resume timeline activity.
QTimeLine::Running	2	The timeline is running. While control is in the event loop, QTimeLine will update its current time at regular intervals, emitting valueChanged() and frameChanged() when appropriate.

See also state() and stateChanged().

Member Function Documentation

QTimeLine::QTimeLine(int duration = 1000, QObject *parent = nullptr)

Constructs a timeline with a duration of duration milliseconds. parent is passed to QObject's constructor. The default duration is 1000 milliseconds.

[signal] void QTimeLine::finished()

This signal is emitted when QTimeLine finishes (i.e., reaches the end of its time line), and does not loop.

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

[signal] void QTimeLine::frameChanged(int frame)

QTimeLine emits this signal at regular intervals when in Running state, but only if the current frame changes. frame is the current frame number.

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

See also QTimeLine::setFrameRange() and QTimeLine::updateInterval.

[slot] void QTimeLine::resume()

Resumes the timeline from the current time. QTimeLine will reenter Running state, and once it enters the event loop, it will update its current time, frame and value at regular intervals.

In contrast to start(), this function does not restart the timeline before it resumes.

See also start(), updateInterval(), frameChanged(), and valueChanged().

[slot] void QTimeLine::setPaused(bool paused)

If paused is true, the timeline is paused, causing QTimeLine to enter Paused state. No updates will be signaled until either start() or setPaused(false) is called. If paused is false, the timeline is resumed and continues where it left.

See also state() and start().

[slot] void QTimeLine::start()

Starts the timeline. QTimeLine will enter Running state, and once it enters the event loop, it will update its current time, frame and value at regular intervals. The default interval is 40 ms (i.e., 25 times per second). You can change the update interval by calling setUpdateInterval().

The timeline will start from position 0, or the end if going backward. If you want to resume a stopped timeline without restarting, you can call resume() instead.

See also resume(), updateInterval(), frameChanged(), and valueChanged().

[signal] void QTimeLine::stateChanged(QTimeLine::State newState)

This signal is emitted whenever QTimeLine's state changes. The new state is newState.

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

[slot] void QTimeLine::stop()

Stops the timeline, causing QTimeLine to enter NotRunning state.

See also start().

[slot] void QTimeLine::toggleDirection()

Toggles the direction of the timeline. If the direction was Forward, it becomes Backward, and vice verca.

See also setDirection().

[signal] void QTimeLine::valueChanged(qreal value)

QTimeLine emits this signal at regular intervals when in Running state, but only if the current value changes. value is the current value. value is a number between 0.0 and 1.0

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

See also QTimeLine::setDuration(), QTimeLine::valueForTime(), and QTimeLine::updateInterval.

[virtual] QTimeLine::~QTimeLine()

Destroys the timeline.

int QTimeLine::currentFrame() const

Returns the frame corresponding to the current time.

See also currentTime(), frameForTime(), and setFrameRange().

qreal QTimeLine::currentValue() const

Returns the value corresponding to the current time.

See also valueForTime() and currentFrame().

int QTimeLine::endFrame() const

Returns the end frame, which is the frame corresponding to the end of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 1).

See also setEndFrame() and setFrameRange().

int QTimeLine::frameForTime(int msec) const

Returns the frame corresponding to the time msec. This value is calculated using a linear interpolation of the start and end frame, based on the value returned by valueForTime().

See also valueForTime() and setFrameRange().

void QTimeLine::setEndFrame(int frame)

Sets the end frame, which is the frame corresponding to the end of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 1), to frame.

See also endFrame(), startFrame(), and setFrameRange().

void QTimeLine::setFrameRange(int startFrame, int endFrame)

Sets the timeline's frame counter to start at startFrame, and end and endFrame. For each time value, QTimeLine will find the corresponding frame when you call currentFrame() or frameForTime() by interpolating, using the return value of valueForTime().

When in Running state, QTimeLine also emits the frameChanged() signal when the frame changes.

See also startFrame(), endFrame(), start(), and currentFrame().

void QTimeLine::setStartFrame(int frame)

Sets the start frame, which is the frame corresponding to the start of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 0), to frame.

See also startFrame(), endFrame(), and setFrameRange().

int QTimeLine::startFrame() const

Returns the start frame, which is the frame corresponding to the start of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 0).

See also setStartFrame() and setFrameRange().

QTimeLine::State QTimeLine::state() const

Returns the state of the timeline.

See also start(), setPaused(), and stop().

[override virtual protected] void QTimeLine::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)

Reimplements: QObject::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event).

[virtual] qreal QTimeLine::valueForTime(int msec) const

Returns the timeline value for the time msec. The returned value, which varies depending on the curve shape, is always between 0 and 1. If msec is 0, the default implementation always returns 0.

Reimplement this function to provide a custom curve shape for your timeline.

See also CurveShape and frameForTime().