QSslSocket Class

The QSslSocket class provides an SSL encrypted socket for both clients and servers. More...

Header: #include <QSslSocket>
qmake: QT += network
Since: Qt 4.3
Inherits: QTcpSocket

This class was introduced in Qt 4.3.

Note: All functions in this class are reentrant.

Public Types

enum PeerVerifyMode { VerifyNone, QueryPeer, VerifyPeer, AutoVerifyPeer }
enum SslMode { UnencryptedMode, SslClientMode, SslServerMode }

Public Functions

QSslSocket(QObject *parent = nullptr)
virtual ~QSslSocket()
void abort()
void addCaCertificate(const QSslCertificate &certificate)
bool addCaCertificates(const QString &path, QSsl::EncodingFormat format = QSsl::Pem, QRegExp::PatternSyntax syntax = QRegExp::FixedString)
void addCaCertificates(const QList<QSslCertificate> &certificates)
void connectToHostEncrypted(const QString &hostName, quint16 port, QIODevice::OpenMode mode = ReadWrite, QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol = AnyIPProtocol)
void connectToHostEncrypted(const QString &hostName, quint16 port, const QString &sslPeerName, QIODevice::OpenMode mode = ReadWrite, QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol = AnyIPProtocol)
qint64 encryptedBytesAvailable() const
qint64 encryptedBytesToWrite() const
bool flush()
void ignoreSslErrors(const QList<QSslError> &errors)
bool isEncrypted() const
QSslCertificate localCertificate() const
QList<QSslCertificate> localCertificateChain() const
QSslSocket::SslMode mode() const
QVector<QOcspResponse> ocspResponses() const
QSslCertificate peerCertificate() const
QList<QSslCertificate> peerCertificateChain() const
int peerVerifyDepth() const
QSslSocket::PeerVerifyMode peerVerifyMode() const
QString peerVerifyName() const
QSslKey privateKey() const
QSsl::SslProtocol protocol() const
QSslCipher sessionCipher() const
QSsl::SslProtocol sessionProtocol() const
void setLocalCertificate(const QSslCertificate &certificate)
void setLocalCertificate(const QString &path, QSsl::EncodingFormat format = QSsl::Pem)
void setLocalCertificateChain(const QList<QSslCertificate> &localChain)
void setPeerVerifyDepth(int depth)
void setPeerVerifyMode(QSslSocket::PeerVerifyMode mode)
void setPeerVerifyName(const QString &hostName)
void setPrivateKey(const QSslKey &key)
void setPrivateKey(const QString &fileName, QSsl::KeyAlgorithm algorithm = QSsl::Rsa, QSsl::EncodingFormat format = QSsl::Pem, const QByteArray &passPhrase = QByteArray())
void setProtocol(QSsl::SslProtocol protocol)
void setSslConfiguration(const QSslConfiguration &configuration)
QSslConfiguration sslConfiguration() const
QList<QSslError> sslErrors() const
bool waitForEncrypted(int msecs = 30000)

Reimplemented Public Functions

virtual bool atEnd() const override
virtual qint64 bytesAvailable() const override
virtual qint64 bytesToWrite() const override
virtual bool canReadLine() const override
virtual void close() override
virtual void resume() override
virtual void setReadBufferSize(qint64 size) override
virtual bool setSocketDescriptor(qintptr socketDescriptor, QAbstractSocket::SocketState state = ConnectedState, QIODevice::OpenMode openMode = ReadWrite) override
virtual void setSocketOption(QAbstractSocket::SocketOption option, const QVariant &value) override
virtual QVariant socketOption(QAbstractSocket::SocketOption option) override
virtual bool waitForBytesWritten(int msecs = 30000) override
virtual bool waitForConnected(int msecs = 30000) override
virtual bool waitForDisconnected(int msecs = 30000) override
virtual bool waitForReadyRead(int msecs = 30000) override

Public Slots

void ignoreSslErrors()
void startClientEncryption()
void startServerEncryption()

Signals

void encrypted()
void encryptedBytesWritten(qint64 written)
void modeChanged(QSslSocket::SslMode mode)
void peerVerifyError(const QSslError &error)
void preSharedKeyAuthenticationRequired(QSslPreSharedKeyAuthenticator *authenticator)
void sslErrors(const QList<QSslError> &errors)

Static Public Members

void addDefaultCaCertificate(const QSslCertificate &certificate)
bool addDefaultCaCertificates(const QString &path, QSsl::EncodingFormat encoding = QSsl::Pem, QRegExp::PatternSyntax syntax = QRegExp::FixedString)
void addDefaultCaCertificates(const QList<QSslCertificate> &certificates)
long sslLibraryBuildVersionNumber()
QString sslLibraryBuildVersionString()
long sslLibraryVersionNumber()
QString sslLibraryVersionString()
bool supportsSsl()

Reimplemented Protected Functions

virtual qint64 readData(char *data, qint64 maxlen) override
virtual qint64 writeData(const char *data, qint64 len) override

Detailed Description

QSslSocket establishes a secure, encrypted TCP connection you can use for transmitting encrypted data. It can operate in both client and server mode, and it supports modern SSL protocols, including SSL 3 and TLS 1.2. By default, QSslSocket uses only SSL protocols which are considered to be secure (QSsl::SecureProtocols), but you can change the SSL protocol by calling setProtocol() as long as you do it before the handshake has started.

SSL encryption operates on top of the existing TCP stream after the socket enters the ConnectedState. There are two simple ways to establish a secure connection using QSslSocket: With an immediate SSL handshake, or with a delayed SSL handshake occurring after the connection has been established in unencrypted mode.

The most common way to use QSslSocket is to construct an object and start a secure connection by calling connectToHostEncrypted(). This method starts an immediate SSL handshake once the connection has been established.

QSslSocket *socket = new QSslSocket(this);
connect(socket, SIGNAL(encrypted()), this, SLOT(ready()));

socket->connectToHostEncrypted("imap.example.com", 993);

As with a plain QTcpSocket, QSslSocket enters the HostLookupState, ConnectingState, and finally the ConnectedState, if the connection is successful. The handshake then starts automatically, and if it succeeds, the encrypted() signal is emitted to indicate the socket has entered the encrypted state and is ready for use.

Note that data can be written to the socket immediately after the return from connectToHostEncrypted() (i.e., before the encrypted() signal is emitted). The data is queued in QSslSocket until after the encrypted() signal is emitted.

An example of using the delayed SSL handshake to secure an existing connection is the case where an SSL server secures an incoming connection. Suppose you create an SSL server class as a subclass of QTcpServer. You would override QTcpServer::incomingConnection() with something like the example below, which first constructs an instance of QSslSocket and then calls setSocketDescriptor() to set the new socket's descriptor to the existing one passed in. It then initiates the SSL handshake by calling startServerEncryption().

void SslServer::incomingConnection(qintptr socketDescriptor)
{
    QSslSocket *serverSocket = new QSslSocket;
    if (serverSocket->setSocketDescriptor(socketDescriptor)) {
        addPendingConnection(serverSocket);
        connect(serverSocket, &QSslSocket::encrypted, this, &SslServer::ready);
        serverSocket->startServerEncryption();
    } else {
        delete serverSocket;
    }
}

If an error occurs, QSslSocket emits the sslErrors() signal. In this case, if no action is taken to ignore the error(s), the connection is dropped. To continue, despite the occurrence of an error, you can call ignoreSslErrors(), either from within this slot after the error occurs, or any time after construction of the QSslSocket and before the connection is attempted. This will allow QSslSocket to ignore the errors it encounters when establishing the identity of the peer. Ignoring errors during an SSL handshake should be used with caution, since a fundamental characteristic of secure connections is that they should be established with a successful handshake.

Once encrypted, you use QSslSocket as a regular QTcpSocket. When readyRead() is emitted, you can call read(), canReadLine() and readLine(), or getChar() to read decrypted data from QSslSocket's internal buffer, and you can call write() or putChar() to write data back to the peer. QSslSocket will automatically encrypt the written data for you, and emit encryptedBytesWritten() once the data has been written to the peer.

As a convenience, QSslSocket supports QTcpSocket's blocking functions waitForConnected(), waitForReadyRead(), waitForBytesWritten(), and waitForDisconnected(). It also provides waitForEncrypted(), which will block the calling thread until an encrypted connection has been established.

QSslSocket socket;
socket.connectToHostEncrypted("http.example.com", 443);
if (!socket.waitForEncrypted()) {
    qDebug() << socket.errorString();
    return false;
}

socket.write("GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n");
while (socket.waitForReadyRead())
    qDebug() << socket.readAll().data();

QSslSocket provides an extensive, easy-to-use API for handling cryptographic ciphers, private keys, and local, peer, and Certification Authority (CA) certificates. It also provides an API for handling errors that occur during the handshake phase.

The following features can also be customized:

Note: If available, root certificates on Unix (excluding macOS) will be loaded on demand from the standard certificate directories. If you do not want to load root certificates on demand, you need to call either QSslConfiguration::defaultConfiguration().setCaCertificates() before the first SSL handshake is made in your application (for example, via passing QSslSocket::systemCaCertificates() to it), or call QSslConfiguration::defaultConfiguration()::setCaCertificates() on your QSslSocket instance prior to the SSL handshake.

For more information about ciphers and certificates, refer to QSslCipher and QSslCertificate.

This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/).

Note: Be aware of the difference between the bytesWritten() signal and the encryptedBytesWritten() signal. For a QTcpSocket, bytesWritten() will get emitted as soon as data has been written to the TCP socket. For a QSslSocket, bytesWritten() will get emitted when the data is being encrypted and encryptedBytesWritten() will get emitted as soon as data has been written to the TCP socket.

See also QSslCertificate, QSslCipher, and QSslError.

Member Type Documentation

enum QSslSocket::PeerVerifyMode

Describes the peer verification modes for QSslSocket. The default mode is AutoVerifyPeer, which selects an appropriate mode depending on the socket's QSocket::SslMode.

Constant Value Description
QSslSocket::VerifyNone 0 QSslSocket will not request a certificate from the peer. You can set this mode if you are not interested in the identity of the other side of the connection. The connection will still be encrypted, and your socket will still send its local certificate to the peer if it's requested.
QSslSocket::QueryPeer 1 QSslSocket will request a certificate from the peer, but does not require this certificate to be valid. This is useful when you want to display peer certificate details to the user without affecting the actual SSL handshake. This mode is the default for servers. Note: In Schannel this value acts the same as VerifyNone.
QSslSocket::VerifyPeer 2 QSslSocket will request a certificate from the peer during the SSL handshake phase, and requires that this certificate is valid. On failure, QSslSocket will emit the QSslSocket::sslErrors() signal. This mode is the default for clients.
QSslSocket::AutoVerifyPeer 3 QSslSocket will automatically use QueryPeer for server sockets and VerifyPeer for client sockets.

This enum was introduced or modified in Qt 4.4.

See also QSslSocket::peerVerifyMode().

enum QSslSocket::SslMode

Describes the connection modes available for QSslSocket.

Constant Value Description
QSslSocket::UnencryptedMode 0 The socket is unencrypted. Its behavior is identical to QTcpSocket.
QSslSocket::SslClientMode 1 The socket is a client-side SSL socket. It is either alreayd encrypted, or it is in the SSL handshake phase (see QSslSocket::isEncrypted()).
QSslSocket::SslServerMode 2 The socket is a server-side SSL socket. It is either already encrypted, or it is in the SSL handshake phase (see QSslSocket::isEncrypted()).

Member Function Documentation

QSslSocket::QSslSocket(QObject *parent = nullptr)

Constructs a QSslSocket object. parent is passed to QObject's constructor. The new socket's cipher suite is set to the one returned by the static method defaultCiphers().

[signal] void QSslSocket::encrypted()

This signal is emitted when QSslSocket enters encrypted mode. After this signal has been emitted, QSslSocket::isEncrypted() will return true, and all further transmissions on the socket will be encrypted.

See also QSslSocket::connectToHostEncrypted() and QSslSocket::isEncrypted().

[signal] void QSslSocket::encryptedBytesWritten(qint64 written)

This signal is emitted when QSslSocket writes its encrypted data to the network. The written parameter contains the number of bytes that were successfully written.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also QIODevice::bytesWritten().

[slot] void QSslSocket::ignoreSslErrors()

This slot tells QSslSocket to ignore errors during QSslSocket's handshake phase and continue connecting. If you want to continue with the connection even if errors occur during the handshake phase, then you must call this slot, either from a slot connected to sslErrors(), or before the handshake phase. If you don't call this slot, either in response to errors or before the handshake, the connection will be dropped after the sslErrors() signal has been emitted.

If there are no errors during the SSL handshake phase (i.e., the identity of the peer is established with no problems), QSslSocket will not emit the sslErrors() signal, and it is unnecessary to call this function.

Warning: Be sure to always let the user inspect the errors reported by the sslErrors() signal, and only call this method upon confirmation from the user that proceeding is ok. If there are unexpected errors, the connection should be aborted. Calling this method without inspecting the actual errors will most likely pose a security risk for your application. Use it with great care!

See also sslErrors().

[signal] void QSslSocket::modeChanged(QSslSocket::SslMode mode)

This signal is emitted when QSslSocket changes from QSslSocket::UnencryptedMode to either QSslSocket::SslClientMode or QSslSocket::SslServerMode. mode is the new mode.

See also QSslSocket::mode().

[signal] void QSslSocket::peerVerifyError(const QSslError &error)

QSslSocket can emit this signal several times during the SSL handshake, before encryption has been established, to indicate that an error has occurred while establishing the identity of the peer. The error is usually an indication that QSslSocket is unable to securely identify the peer.

This signal provides you with an early indication when something's wrong. By connecting to this signal, you can manually choose to tear down the connection from inside the connected slot before the handshake has completed. If no action is taken, QSslSocket will proceed to emitting QSslSocket::sslErrors().

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also sslErrors().

[signal] void QSslSocket::preSharedKeyAuthenticationRequired(QSslPreSharedKeyAuthenticator *authenticator)

QSslSocket emits this signal when it negotiates a PSK ciphersuite, and therefore a PSK authentication is then required.

When using PSK, the client must send to the server a valid identity and a valid pre shared key, in order for the SSL handshake to continue. Applications can provide this information in a slot connected to this signal, by filling in the passed authenticator object according to their needs.

Note: Ignoring this signal, or failing to provide the required credentials, will cause the handshake to fail, and therefore the connection to be aborted.

Note: The authenticator object is owned by the socket and must not be deleted by the application.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See also QSslPreSharedKeyAuthenticator.

[signal] void QSslSocket::sslErrors(const QList<QSslError> &errors)

QSslSocket emits this signal after the SSL handshake to indicate that one or more errors have occurred while establishing the identity of the peer. The errors are usually an indication that QSslSocket is unable to securely identify the peer. Unless any action is taken, the connection will be dropped after this signal has been emitted.

If you want to continue connecting despite the errors that have occurred, you must call QSslSocket::ignoreSslErrors() from inside a slot connected to this signal. If you need to access the error list at a later point, you can call sslErrors() (without arguments).

errors contains one or more errors that prevent QSslSocket from verifying the identity of the peer.

Note: You cannot use Qt::QueuedConnection when connecting to this signal, or calling QSslSocket::ignoreSslErrors() will have no effect.

Note: Signal sslErrors is overloaded in this class. To connect to this signal by using the function pointer syntax, Qt provides a convenient helper for obtaining the function pointer as shown in this example:

connect(sslSocket, QOverload<const QList<QSslError> &>::of(&QSslSocket::sslErrors),
    [=](const QList<QSslError> &errors){ /* ... */ });

See also peerVerifyError().

[slot] void QSslSocket::startClientEncryption()

Starts a delayed SSL handshake for a client connection. This function can be called when the socket is in the ConnectedState but still in the UnencryptedMode. If it is not yet connected, or if it is already encrypted, this function has no effect.

Clients that implement STARTTLS functionality often make use of delayed SSL handshakes. Most other clients can avoid calling this function directly by using connectToHostEncrypted() instead, which automatically performs the handshake.

See also connectToHostEncrypted() and startServerEncryption().

[slot] void QSslSocket::startServerEncryption()

Starts a delayed SSL handshake for a server connection. This function can be called when the socket is in the ConnectedState but still in UnencryptedMode. If it is not connected or it is already encrypted, the function has no effect.

For server sockets, calling this function is the only way to initiate the SSL handshake. Most servers will call this function immediately upon receiving a connection, or as a result of having received a protocol-specific command to enter SSL mode (e.g, the server may respond to receiving the string "STARTTLS\r\n" by calling this function).

The most common way to implement an SSL server is to create a subclass of QTcpServer and reimplement QTcpServer::incomingConnection(). The returned socket descriptor is then passed to QSslSocket::setSocketDescriptor().

See also connectToHostEncrypted() and startClientEncryption().

[virtual] QSslSocket::~QSslSocket()

Destroys the QSslSocket.

void QSslSocket::abort()

Aborts the current connection and resets the socket. Unlike disconnectFromHost(), this function immediately closes the socket, clearing any pending data in the write buffer.

See also disconnectFromHost() and close().

void QSslSocket::addCaCertificate(const QSslCertificate &certificate)

Adds the certificate to this socket's CA certificate database. The CA certificate database is used by the socket during the handshake phase to validate the peer's certificate.

To add multiple certificates, use addCaCertificates().

See also QSslConfiguration::caCertificates() and QSslConfiguration::setCaCertificates().

bool QSslSocket::addCaCertificates(const QString &path, QSsl::EncodingFormat format = QSsl::Pem, QRegExp::PatternSyntax syntax = QRegExp::FixedString)

Searches all files in the path for certificates encoded in the specified format and adds them to this socket's CA certificate database. path must be a file or a pattern matching one or more files, as specified by syntax. Returns true if one or more certificates are added to the socket's CA certificate database; otherwise returns false.

The CA certificate database is used by the socket during the handshake phase to validate the peer's certificate.

For more precise control, use addCaCertificate().

See also addCaCertificate() and QSslCertificate::fromPath().

void QSslSocket::addCaCertificates(const QList<QSslCertificate> &certificates)

Adds the certificates to this socket's CA certificate database. The CA certificate database is used by the socket during the handshake phase to validate the peer's certificate.

For more precise control, use addCaCertificate().

See also QSslConfiguration::caCertificates() and addDefaultCaCertificate().

[static] void QSslSocket::addDefaultCaCertificate(const QSslCertificate &certificate)

Adds certificate to the default CA certificate database. Each SSL socket's CA certificate database is initialized to the default CA certificate database.

See also addCaCertificates().

[static] bool QSslSocket::addDefaultCaCertificates(const QString &path, QSsl::EncodingFormat encoding = QSsl::Pem, QRegExp::PatternSyntax syntax = QRegExp::FixedString)

Searches all files in the path for certificates with the specified encoding and adds them to the default CA certificate database. path can be an explicit file, or it can contain wildcards in the format specified by syntax. Returns true if any CA certificates are added to the default database.

Each SSL socket's CA certificate database is initialized to the default CA certificate database.

See also QSslConfiguration::caCertificates(), addCaCertificates(), and addDefaultCaCertificate().

[static] void QSslSocket::addDefaultCaCertificates(const QList<QSslCertificate> &certificates)

Adds certificates to the default CA certificate database. Each SSL socket's CA certificate database is initialized to the default CA certificate database.

See also QSslConfiguration::caCertificates() and addCaCertificates().

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::atEnd() const

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::atEnd() const.

[override virtual] qint64 QSslSocket::bytesAvailable() const

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::bytesAvailable() const.

Returns the number of decrypted bytes that are immediately available for reading.

[override virtual] qint64 QSslSocket::bytesToWrite() const

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::bytesToWrite() const.

Returns the number of unencrypted bytes that are waiting to be encrypted and written to the network.

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::canReadLine() const

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::canReadLine() const.

Returns true if you can read one while line (terminated by a single ASCII '\n' character) of decrypted characters; otherwise, false is returned.

[override virtual] void QSslSocket::close()

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::close().

void QSslSocket::connectToHostEncrypted(const QString &hostName, quint16 port, QIODevice::OpenMode mode = ReadWrite, QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol = AnyIPProtocol)

Starts an encrypted connection to the device hostName on port, using mode as the OpenMode. This is equivalent to calling connectToHost() to establish the connection, followed by a call to startClientEncryption(). The protocol parameter can be used to specify which network protocol to use (eg. IPv4 or IPv6).

QSslSocket first enters the HostLookupState. Then, after entering either the event loop or one of the waitFor...() functions, it enters the ConnectingState, emits connected(), and then initiates the SSL client handshake. At each state change, QSslSocket emits signal stateChanged().

After initiating the SSL client handshake, if the identity of the peer can't be established, signal sslErrors() is emitted. If you want to ignore the errors and continue connecting, you must call ignoreSslErrors(), either from inside a slot function connected to the sslErrors() signal, or prior to entering encrypted mode. If ignoreSslErrors() is not called, the connection is dropped, signal disconnected() is emitted, and QSslSocket returns to the UnconnectedState.

If the SSL handshake is successful, QSslSocket emits encrypted().

QSslSocket socket;
connect(&socket, SIGNAL(encrypted()), receiver, SLOT(socketEncrypted()));

socket.connectToHostEncrypted("imap", 993);
socket->write("1 CAPABILITY\r\n");

Note: The example above shows that text can be written to the socket immediately after requesting the encrypted connection, before the encrypted() signal has been emitted. In such cases, the text is queued in the object and written to the socket after the connection is established and the encrypted() signal has been emitted.

The default for mode is ReadWrite.

If you want to create a QSslSocket on the server side of a connection, you should instead call startServerEncryption() upon receiving the incoming connection through QTcpServer.

See also connectToHost(), startClientEncryption(), waitForConnected(), and waitForEncrypted().

void QSslSocket::connectToHostEncrypted(const QString &hostName, quint16 port, const QString &sslPeerName, QIODevice::OpenMode mode = ReadWrite, QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol = AnyIPProtocol)

This is an overloaded function.

In addition to the original behaviour of connectToHostEncrypted, this overloaded method enables the usage of a different hostname (sslPeerName) for the certificate validation instead of the one used for the TCP connection (hostName).

This function was introduced in Qt 4.6.

See also connectToHostEncrypted().

qint64 QSslSocket::encryptedBytesAvailable() const

Returns the number of encrypted bytes that are awaiting decryption. Normally, this function will return 0 because QSslSocket decrypts its incoming data as soon as it can.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

qint64 QSslSocket::encryptedBytesToWrite() const

Returns the number of encrypted bytes that are waiting to be written to the network.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

bool QSslSocket::flush()

This function writes as much as possible from the internal write buffer to the underlying network socket, without blocking. If any data was written, this function returns true; otherwise false is returned.

Call this function if you need QSslSocket to start sending buffered data immediately. The number of bytes successfully written depends on the operating system. In most cases, you do not need to call this function, because QAbstractSocket will start sending data automatically once control goes back to the event loop. In the absence of an event loop, call waitForBytesWritten() instead.

See also write() and waitForBytesWritten().

void QSslSocket::ignoreSslErrors(const QList<QSslError> &errors)

This is an overloaded function.

This method tells QSslSocket to ignore only the errors given in errors.

Note: Because most SSL errors are associated with a certificate, for most of them you must set the expected certificate this SSL error is related to. If, for instance, you want to connect to a server that uses a self-signed certificate, consider the following snippet:

QList<QSslCertificate> cert = QSslCertificate::fromPath(QLatin1String("server-certificate.pem"));
QSslError error(QSslError::SelfSignedCertificate, cert.at(0));
QList<QSslError> expectedSslErrors;
expectedSslErrors.append(error);

QSslSocket socket;
socket.ignoreSslErrors(expectedSslErrors);
socket.connectToHostEncrypted("server.tld", 443);

Multiple calls to this function will replace the list of errors that were passed in previous calls. You can clear the list of errors you want to ignore by calling this function with an empty list.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.6.

See also sslErrors().

bool QSslSocket::isEncrypted() const

Returns true if the socket is encrypted; otherwise, false is returned.

An encrypted socket encrypts all data that is written by calling write() or putChar() before the data is written to the network, and decrypts all incoming data as the data is received from the network, before you call read(), readLine() or getChar().

QSslSocket emits encrypted() when it enters encrypted mode.

You can call sessionCipher() to find which cryptographic cipher is used to encrypt and decrypt your data.

See also mode().

QSslCertificate QSslSocket::localCertificate() const

Returns the socket's local certificate, or an empty certificate if no local certificate has been assigned.

See also setLocalCertificate() and privateKey().

QList<QSslCertificate> QSslSocket::localCertificateChain() const

Returns the socket's local certificate chain, or an empty list if no local certificates have been assigned.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.1.

See also setLocalCertificateChain().

QSslSocket::SslMode QSslSocket::mode() const

Returns the current mode for the socket; either UnencryptedMode, where QSslSocket behaves identially to QTcpSocket, or one of SslClientMode or SslServerMode, where the client is either negotiating or in encrypted mode.

When the mode changes, QSslSocket emits modeChanged()

See also SslMode.

QVector<QOcspResponse> QSslSocket::ocspResponses() const

This function returns Online Certificate Status Protocol responses that a server may send during a TLS handshake using OCSP stapling. The vector is empty if no definitive response or no response at all was received.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.13.

See also QSslConfiguration::setOcspStaplingEnabled().

QSslCertificate QSslSocket::peerCertificate() const

Returns the peer's digital certificate (i.e., the immediate certificate of the host you are connected to), or a null certificate, if the peer has not assigned a certificate.

The peer certificate is checked automatically during the handshake phase, so this function is normally used to fetch the certificate for display or for connection diagnostic purposes. It contains information about the peer, including its host name, the certificate issuer, and the peer's public key.

Because the peer certificate is set during the handshake phase, it is safe to access the peer certificate from a slot connected to the sslErrors() signal or the encrypted() signal.

If a null certificate is returned, it can mean the SSL handshake failed, or it can mean the host you are connected to doesn't have a certificate, or it can mean there is no connection.

If you want to check the peer's complete chain of certificates, use peerCertificateChain() to get them all at once.

See also peerCertificateChain().

QList<QSslCertificate> QSslSocket::peerCertificateChain() const

Returns the peer's chain of digital certificates, or an empty list of certificates.

Peer certificates are checked automatically during the handshake phase. This function is normally used to fetch certificates for display, or for performing connection diagnostics. Certificates contain information about the peer and the certificate issuers, including host name, issuer names, and issuer public keys.

The peer certificates are set in QSslSocket during the handshake phase, so it is safe to call this function from a slot connected to the sslErrors() signal or the encrypted() signal.

If an empty list is returned, it can mean the SSL handshake failed, or it can mean the host you are connected to doesn't have a certificate, or it can mean there is no connection.

If you want to get only the peer's immediate certificate, use peerCertificate().

See also peerCertificate().

int QSslSocket::peerVerifyDepth() const

Returns the maximum number of certificates in the peer's certificate chain to be checked during the SSL handshake phase, or 0 (the default) if no maximum depth has been set, indicating that the whole certificate chain should be checked.

The certificates are checked in issuing order, starting with the peer's own certificate, then its issuer's certificate, and so on.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also setPeerVerifyDepth() and peerVerifyMode().

QSslSocket::PeerVerifyMode QSslSocket::peerVerifyMode() const

Returns the socket's verify mode. This mode decides whether QSslSocket should request a certificate from the peer (i.e., the client requests a certificate from the server, or a server requesting a certificate from the client), and whether it should require that this certificate is valid.

The default mode is AutoVerifyPeer, which tells QSslSocket to use VerifyPeer for clients and QueryPeer for servers.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also setPeerVerifyMode(), peerVerifyDepth(), and mode().

QString QSslSocket::peerVerifyName() const

Returns the different hostname for the certificate validation, as set by setPeerVerifyName or by connectToHostEncrypted.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also setPeerVerifyName() and connectToHostEncrypted().

QSslKey QSslSocket::privateKey() const

Returns this socket's private key.

See also setPrivateKey() and localCertificate().

QSsl::SslProtocol QSslSocket::protocol() const

Returns the socket's SSL protocol. By default, QSsl::SecureProtocols is used.

See also setProtocol().

[override virtual protected] qint64 QSslSocket::readData(char *data, qint64 maxlen)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::readData(char *data, qint64 maxSize).

[override virtual] void QSslSocket::resume()

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::resume().

Continues data transfer on the socket after it has been paused. If "setPauseMode(QAbstractSocket::PauseOnSslErrors);" has been called on this socket and a sslErrors() signal is received, calling this method is necessary for the socket to continue.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See also QAbstractSocket::pauseMode() and QAbstractSocket::setPauseMode().

QSslCipher QSslSocket::sessionCipher() const

Returns the socket's cryptographic cipher, or a null cipher if the connection isn't encrypted. The socket's cipher for the session is set during the handshake phase. The cipher is used to encrypt and decrypt data transmitted through the socket.

QSslSocket also provides functions for setting the ordered list of ciphers from which the handshake phase will eventually select the session cipher. This ordered list must be in place before the handshake phase begins.

See also QSslConfiguration::ciphers(), QSslConfiguration::setCiphers(), QSslConfiguration::setCiphers(), QSslConfiguration::ciphers(), and QSslConfiguration::supportedCiphers().

QSsl::SslProtocol QSslSocket::sessionProtocol() const

Returns the socket's SSL/TLS protocol or UnknownProtocol if the connection isn't encrypted. The socket's protocol for the session is set during the handshake phase.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See also protocol() and setProtocol().

void QSslSocket::setLocalCertificate(const QSslCertificate &certificate)

Sets the socket's local certificate to certificate. The local certificate is necessary if you need to confirm your identity to the peer. It is used together with the private key; if you set the local certificate, you must also set the private key.

The local certificate and private key are always necessary for server sockets, but are also rarely used by client sockets if the server requires the client to authenticate.

Note: Secure Transport SSL backend on macOS may update the default keychain (the default is probably your login keychain) by importing your local certificates and keys. This can also result in system dialogs showing up and asking for permission when your application is using these private keys. If such behavior is undesired, set the QT_SSL_USE_TEMPORARY_KEYCHAIN environment variable to a non-zero value; this will prompt QSslSocket to use its own temporary keychain.

See also localCertificate() and setPrivateKey().

void QSslSocket::setLocalCertificate(const QString &path, QSsl::EncodingFormat format = QSsl::Pem)

This is an overloaded function.

Sets the socket's local certificate to the first one found in file path, which is parsed according to the specified format.

void QSslSocket::setLocalCertificateChain(const QList<QSslCertificate> &localChain)

Sets the certificate chain to be presented to the peer during the SSL handshake to be localChain.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.1.

See also localCertificateChain() and QSslConfiguration::setLocalCertificateChain().

void QSslSocket::setPeerVerifyDepth(int depth)

Sets the maximum number of certificates in the peer's certificate chain to be checked during the SSL handshake phase, to depth. Setting a depth of 0 means that no maximum depth is set, indicating that the whole certificate chain should be checked.

The certificates are checked in issuing order, starting with the peer's own certificate, then its issuer's certificate, and so on.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also peerVerifyDepth() and setPeerVerifyMode().

void QSslSocket::setPeerVerifyMode(QSslSocket::PeerVerifyMode mode)

Sets the socket's verify mode to mode. This mode decides whether QSslSocket should request a certificate from the peer (i.e., the client requests a certificate from the server, or a server requesting a certificate from the client), and whether it should require that this certificate is valid.

The default mode is AutoVerifyPeer, which tells QSslSocket to use VerifyPeer for clients and QueryPeer for servers.

Setting this mode after encryption has started has no effect on the current connection.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also peerVerifyMode(), setPeerVerifyDepth(), and mode().

void QSslSocket::setPeerVerifyName(const QString &hostName)

Sets a different host name, given by hostName, for the certificate validation instead of the one used for the TCP connection.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also peerVerifyName() and connectToHostEncrypted().

void QSslSocket::setPrivateKey(const QSslKey &key)

Sets the socket's private key to key. The private key and the local certificate are used by clients and servers that must prove their identity to SSL peers.

Both the key and the local certificate are required if you are creating an SSL server socket. If you are creating an SSL client socket, the key and local certificate are required if your client must identify itself to an SSL server.

See also privateKey() and setLocalCertificate().

void QSslSocket::setPrivateKey(const QString &fileName, QSsl::KeyAlgorithm algorithm = QSsl::Rsa, QSsl::EncodingFormat format = QSsl::Pem, const QByteArray &passPhrase = QByteArray())

This is an overloaded function.

Reads the string in file fileName and decodes it using a specified algorithm and encoding format to construct an SSL key. If the encoded key is encrypted, passPhrase is used to decrypt it.

The socket's private key is set to the constructed key. The private key and the local certificate are used by clients and servers that must prove their identity to SSL peers.

Both the key and the local certificate are required if you are creating an SSL server socket. If you are creating an SSL client socket, the key and local certificate are required if your client must identify itself to an SSL server.

See also privateKey() and setLocalCertificate().

void QSslSocket::setProtocol(QSsl::SslProtocol protocol)

Sets the socket's SSL protocol to protocol. This will affect the next initiated handshake; calling this function on an already-encrypted socket will not affect the socket's protocol.

See also protocol().

[override virtual] void QSslSocket::setReadBufferSize(qint64 size)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::setReadBufferSize(qint64 size).

Sets the size of QSslSocket's internal read buffer to be size bytes.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::setSocketDescriptor(qintptr socketDescriptor, QAbstractSocket::SocketState state = ConnectedState, QIODevice::OpenMode openMode = ReadWrite)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::setSocketDescriptor(qintptr socketDescriptor, QAbstractSocket::SocketState socketState, QIODevice::OpenMode openMode).

Initializes QSslSocket with the native socket descriptor socketDescriptor. Returns true if socketDescriptor is accepted as a valid socket descriptor; otherwise returns false. The socket is opened in the mode specified by openMode, and enters the socket state specified by state.

Note: It is not possible to initialize two sockets with the same native socket descriptor.

See also socketDescriptor().

[override virtual] void QSslSocket::setSocketOption(QAbstractSocket::SocketOption option, const QVariant &value)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::setSocketOption(QAbstractSocket::SocketOption option, const QVariant &value).

Sets the given option to the value described by value.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.6.

See also socketOption().

void QSslSocket::setSslConfiguration(const QSslConfiguration &configuration)

Sets the socket's SSL configuration to be the contents of configuration. This function sets the local certificate, the ciphers, the private key and the CA certificates to those stored in configuration.

It is not possible to set the SSL-state related fields.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also sslConfiguration(), setLocalCertificate(), setPrivateKey(), QSslConfiguration::setCaCertificates(), and QSslConfiguration::setCiphers().

[override virtual] QVariant QSslSocket::socketOption(QAbstractSocket::SocketOption option)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::socketOption(QAbstractSocket::SocketOption option).

Returns the value of the option option.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.6.

See also setSocketOption().

QSslConfiguration QSslSocket::sslConfiguration() const

Returns the socket's SSL configuration state. The default SSL configuration of a socket is to use the default ciphers, default CA certificates, no local private key or certificate.

The SSL configuration also contains fields that can change with time without notice.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also setSslConfiguration(), localCertificate(), peerCertificate(), peerCertificateChain(), sessionCipher(), privateKey(), QSslConfiguration::ciphers(), and QSslConfiguration::caCertificates().

QList<QSslError> QSslSocket::sslErrors() const

Returns a list of the last SSL errors that occurred. This is the same list as QSslSocket passes via the sslErrors() signal. If the connection has been encrypted with no errors, this function will return an empty list.

See also connectToHostEncrypted().

[static] long QSslSocket::sslLibraryBuildVersionNumber()

Returns the version number of the SSL library in use at compile time. If no SSL support is available then this will return an undefined value.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See also sslLibraryVersionNumber().

[static] QString QSslSocket::sslLibraryBuildVersionString()

Returns the version string of the SSL library in use at compile time. If no SSL support is available then this will return an empty value.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See also sslLibraryVersionString().

[static] long QSslSocket::sslLibraryVersionNumber()

Returns the version number of the SSL library in use. Note that this is the version of the library in use at run-time not compile time. If no SSL support is available then this will return an undefined value.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

[static] QString QSslSocket::sslLibraryVersionString()

Returns the version string of the SSL library in use. Note that this is the version of the library in use at run-time not compile time. If no SSL support is available then this will return an empty value.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

[static] bool QSslSocket::supportsSsl()

Returns true if this platform supports SSL; otherwise, returns false. If the platform doesn't support SSL, the socket will fail in the connection phase.

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::waitForBytesWritten(int msecs = 30000)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::waitForBytesWritten(int msecs).

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::waitForConnected(int msecs = 30000)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::waitForConnected(int msecs).

Waits until the socket is connected, or msecs milliseconds, whichever happens first. If the connection has been established, this function returns true; otherwise it returns false.

See also QAbstractSocket::waitForConnected().

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::waitForDisconnected(int msecs = 30000)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::waitForDisconnected(int msecs).

Waits until the socket has disconnected or msecs milliseconds, whichever comes first. If the connection has been disconnected, this function returns true; otherwise it returns false.

See also QAbstractSocket::waitForDisconnected().

bool QSslSocket::waitForEncrypted(int msecs = 30000)

Waits until the socket has completed the SSL handshake and has emitted encrypted(), or msecs milliseconds, whichever comes first. If encrypted() has been emitted, this function returns true; otherwise (e.g., the socket is disconnected, or the SSL handshake fails), false is returned.

The following example waits up to one second for the socket to be encrypted:

socket->connectToHostEncrypted("imap", 993);
if (socket->waitForEncrypted(1000))
    qDebug("Encrypted!");

If msecs is -1, this function will not time out.

See also startClientEncryption(), startServerEncryption(), encrypted(), and isEncrypted().

[override virtual] bool QSslSocket::waitForReadyRead(int msecs = 30000)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::waitForReadyRead(int msecs).

[override virtual protected] qint64 QSslSocket::writeData(const char *data, qint64 len)

Reimplements: QAbstractSocket::writeData(const char *data, qint64 size).

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