Struct std::sync::mpsc::Receiver
pub struct Receiver<T> { /* fields omitted */ }
The receiving half of Rust’s channel
(or sync_channel
) type. This half can only be owned by one thread.
Messages sent to the channel can be retrieved using recv
.
Examples
use std::sync::mpsc::channel; use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; let (send, recv) = channel(); thread::spawn(move || { send.send("Hello world!").unwrap(); thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)); // block for two seconds send.send("Delayed for 2 seconds").unwrap(); }); println!("{}", recv.recv().unwrap()); // Received immediately println!("Waiting..."); println!("{}", recv.recv().unwrap()); // Received after 2 seconds
Implementations
impl<T> Receiver<T>
pub fn try_recv(&self) -> Result<T, TryRecvError>
Attempts to return a pending value on this receiver without blocking.
This method will never block the caller in order to wait for data to become available. Instead, this will always return immediately with a possible option of pending data on the channel.
This is useful for a flavor of “optimistic check” before deciding to block on a receiver.
Compared with recv
, this function has two failure cases instead of one (one for disconnection, one for an empty buffer).
Examples
use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, channel}; let (_, receiver): (_, Receiver<i32>) = channel(); assert!(receiver.try_recv().is_err());
pub fn recv(&self) -> Result<T, RecvError>
Attempts to wait for a value on this receiver, returning an error if the corresponding channel has hung up.
This function will always block the current thread if there is no data available and it’s possible for more data to be sent (at least one sender still exists). Once a message is sent to the corresponding Sender
(or SyncSender
), this receiver will wake up and return that message.
If the corresponding Sender
has disconnected, or it disconnects while this call is blocking, this call will wake up and return Err
to indicate that no more messages can ever be received on this channel. However, since channels are buffered, messages sent before the disconnect will still be properly received.
Examples
use std::sync::mpsc; use std::thread; let (send, recv) = mpsc::channel(); let handle = thread::spawn(move || { send.send(1u8).unwrap(); }); handle.join().unwrap(); assert_eq!(Ok(1), recv.recv());
Buffering behavior:
use std::sync::mpsc; use std::thread; use std::sync::mpsc::RecvError; let (send, recv) = mpsc::channel(); let handle = thread::spawn(move || { send.send(1u8).unwrap(); send.send(2).unwrap(); send.send(3).unwrap(); drop(send); }); // wait for the thread to join so we ensure the sender is dropped handle.join().unwrap(); assert_eq!(Ok(1), recv.recv()); assert_eq!(Ok(2), recv.recv()); assert_eq!(Ok(3), recv.recv()); assert_eq!(Err(RecvError), recv.recv());
pub fn recv_timeout(&self, timeout: Duration) -> Result<T, RecvTimeoutError>
Attempts to wait for a value on this receiver, returning an error if the corresponding channel has hung up, or if it waits more than timeout
.
This function will always block the current thread if there is no data available and it’s possible for more data to be sent (at least one sender still exists). Once a message is sent to the corresponding Sender
(or SyncSender
), this receiver will wake up and return that message.
If the corresponding Sender
has disconnected, or it disconnects while this call is blocking, this call will wake up and return Err
to indicate that no more messages can ever be received on this channel. However, since channels are buffered, messages sent before the disconnect will still be properly received.
Known Issues
There is currently a known issue (see #39364
) that causes recv_timeout
to panic unexpectedly with the following example:
use std::sync::mpsc::channel; use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; let (tx, rx) = channel::<String>(); thread::spawn(move || { let d = Duration::from_millis(10); loop { println!("recv"); let _r = rx.recv_timeout(d); } }); thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)); let _c1 = tx.clone(); thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
Examples
Successfully receiving value before encountering timeout:
use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; use std::sync::mpsc; let (send, recv) = mpsc::channel(); thread::spawn(move || { send.send('a').unwrap(); }); assert_eq!( recv.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(400)), Ok('a') );
Receiving an error upon reaching timeout:
use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; use std::sync::mpsc; let (send, recv) = mpsc::channel(); thread::spawn(move || { thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(800)); send.send('a').unwrap(); }); assert_eq!( recv.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(400)), Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) );
pub fn recv_deadline(&self, deadline: Instant) -> Result<T, RecvTimeoutError>
Attempts to wait for a value on this receiver, returning an error if the corresponding channel has hung up, or if deadline
is reached.
This function will always block the current thread if there is no data available and it’s possible for more data to be sent. Once a message is sent to the corresponding Sender
(or SyncSender
), then this receiver will wake up and return that message.
If the corresponding Sender
has disconnected, or it disconnects while this call is blocking, this call will wake up and return Err
to indicate that no more messages can ever be received on this channel. However, since channels are buffered, messages sent before the disconnect will still be properly received.
Examples
Successfully receiving value before reaching deadline:
#![feature(deadline_api)] use std::thread; use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; use std::sync::mpsc; let (send, recv) = mpsc::channel(); thread::spawn(move || { send.send('a').unwrap(); }); assert_eq!( recv.recv_deadline(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(400)), Ok('a') );
Receiving an error upon reaching deadline:
#![feature(deadline_api)] use std::thread; use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; use std::sync::mpsc; let (send, recv) = mpsc::channel(); thread::spawn(move || { thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(800)); send.send('a').unwrap(); }); assert_eq!( recv.recv_deadline(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(400)), Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) );
pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T>
impl<'a, T> Iterator for Iter<'a, T> type Item = T;
Returns an iterator that will block waiting for messages, but never panic!
. It will return None
when the channel has hung up.
Examples
use std::sync::mpsc::channel; use std::thread; let (send, recv) = channel(); thread::spawn(move || { send.send(1).unwrap(); send.send(2).unwrap(); send.send(3).unwrap(); }); let mut iter = recv.iter(); assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1)); assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(2)); assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(3)); assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
pub fn try_iter(&self) -> TryIter<'_, T>
impl<'a, T> Iterator for TryIter<'a, T> type Item = T;
Returns an iterator that will attempt to yield all pending values. It will return None
if there are no more pending values or if the channel has hung up. The iterator will never panic!
or block the user by waiting for values.
Examples
use std::sync::mpsc::channel; use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; let (sender, receiver) = channel(); // nothing is in the buffer yet assert!(receiver.try_iter().next().is_none()); thread::spawn(move || { thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)); sender.send(1).unwrap(); sender.send(2).unwrap(); sender.send(3).unwrap(); }); // nothing is in the buffer yet assert!(receiver.try_iter().next().is_none()); // block for two seconds thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)); let mut iter = receiver.try_iter(); assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1)); assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(2)); assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(3)); assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
Trait Implementations
impl<T> Debug for Receiver<T>
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result
Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
impl<T> Drop for Receiver<T>
impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Receiver<T>
type Item = T
The type of the elements being iterated over.
type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>
Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
fn into_iter(self) -> Iter<'a, T>
impl<'a, T> Iterator for Iter<'a, T> type Item = T;
Creates an iterator from a value. Read more
impl<T> IntoIterator for Receiver<T>
type Item = T
The type of the elements being iterated over.
type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>
Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
fn into_iter(self) -> IntoIter<T>
impl<T> Iterator for IntoIter<T> type Item = T;
Creates an iterator from a value. Read more
impl<T: Send> Send for Receiver<T>
impl<T> !Sync for Receiver<T>
Auto Trait Implementations
impl<T> !RefUnwindSafe for Receiver<T>
impl<T> Unpin for Receiver<T>
impl<T> !UnwindSafe for Receiver<T>
Blanket Implementations
impl<T> From<T> for T
pub fn from(t: T) -> T
Performs the conversion.
pub fn into(self) -> U
Performs the conversion.
type Error = Infallible
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
pub fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>
Performs the conversion.
type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
pub fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>
Performs the conversion.
© 2010 The Rust Project Developers
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 or the MIT license, at your option.
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/mpsc/struct.Receiver.html