RAND

Syntax

RAND(), RAND(N)

Description

Returns a random DOUBLE precision floating point value v in the range 0 <= v < 1.0. If a constant integer argument N is specified, it is used as the seed value, which produces a repeatable sequence of column values. In the example below, note that the sequences of values produced by RAND(3) is the same both places where it occurs.

In a WHERE clause, RAND() is evaluated each time the WHERE is executed.

Statements using the RAND() function are not safe for statement-based replication.

Practical uses

The expression to get a random integer from a given range is the following:

FLOOR(min_value + RAND() * (max_value - min_value +1))

RAND() is often used to read random rows from a table, as follows:

SELECT * FROM my_table ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 10;

Note, however, that this technique should never be used on a large table as it will be extremely slow. MariaDB will read all rows in the table, generate a random value for each of them, order them, and finally will apply the LIMIT clause.

Examples

CREATE TABLE t (i INT);

INSERT INTO t VALUES(1),(2),(3);

SELECT i, RAND() FROM t;
+------+-------------------+
| i    | RAND()            |
+------+-------------------+
|    1 | 0.255651095188829 |
|    2 | 0.833920199269355 |
|    3 |  0.40264774151393 |
+------+-------------------+

SELECT i, RAND(3) FROM t;
+------+-------------------+
| i    | RAND(3)           |
+------+-------------------+
|    1 |  0.90576975597606 |
|    2 | 0.373079058130345 |
|    3 | 0.148086053457191 |
+------+-------------------+

SELECT i, RAND() FROM t;
+------+-------------------+
| i    | RAND()            |
+------+-------------------+
|    1 | 0.511478140495232 |
|    2 | 0.349447508668012 |
|    3 | 0.212803152588013 |
+------+-------------------+

Using the same seed, the same sequence will be returned:

SELECT i, RAND(3) FROM t;
+------+-------------------+
| i    | RAND(3)           |
+------+-------------------+
|    1 |  0.90576975597606 |
|    2 | 0.373079058130345 |
|    3 | 0.148086053457191 |
+------+-------------------+

Generating a random number from 5 to 15:

SELECT FLOOR(5 + (RAND() * 11));

See Also

• Techniques for Efficiently Finding a Random Row
• rand_seed1 and rand_seed2 system variables