Operators

Operators can be used for comparing values or for assigning values. There are several operators and they may be used in different SQL statements and clauses. Some can be used somewhat on their own, not within an SQL statement clause.

For comparing values—string or numeric—you can use symbols such as the equal-sign (i.e., =) or the exclamation point and the equal-sign together (i.e., !=). You might use these in WHERE clauses or within a flow-control statement or function (e.g., IF( )). You can also use basic regular expressions with the LIKE operator.

For assigning values, you can also use the equal-sign or other arithmetic symbols (e.g. plus-sign). You might do this with the SET statement or in a SET clause in an UPDATE statement.

Title	Description

Arithmetic Operators

Title	Description
Addition Operator (+)	Addition.
DIV	Integer division.
Division Operator (/)	Division.
MOD	Modulo operation. Remainder of N divided by M.
Modulo Operator (%)	Modulo operator. Returns the remainder of N divided by M.
Multiplication Operator (*)	Multiplication.
Subtraction Operator (-)	Subtraction and unary minus.

Assignment Operators

Title	Description
Assignment Operator (:=)	Assignment operator for assigning a value.
Assignment Operator (=)	The equal sign as an assignment operator.

Bit Functions and Operators

Title	Description
Operator Precedence	Precedence of SQL operators
&	Bitwise AND
<<	Left shift
>>	Shift right
BIT_COUNT	Returns the number of set bits
^	Bitwise XOR
\|	Bitwise OR
~	Bitwise NOT
Parentheses	Parentheses modify the precedence of other operators in an expression
TRUE FALSE	TRUE and FALSE evaluate to 1 and 0

Comparison Operators

Title	Description
!=	Not equal operator.
<	Less than operator.
<=	Less than or equal operator.
<=>	NULL-safe equal operator.
=	Equal operator.
>	Greater than operator.
>=	Greater than or equal operator.
BETWEEN AND	True if expression between two values.
COALESCE	Returns the first non-NULL parameter
GREATEST	Returns the largest argument.
IN	True if expression equals any of the values in the list
INTERVAL	Index of the argument that is less than the first argument
IS	Tests whether a boolean is TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN.
IS NOT	Tests whether a boolean value is not TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN
IS NOT NULL	Tests whether a value is not NULL
IS NULL	Tests whether a value is NULL
ISNULL	Checks if an expression is NULL
LEAST	Returns the smallest argument.
NOT BETWEEN	Same as NOT (expr BETWEEN min AND max)
NOT IN	Same as NOT (expr IN (value,...))

Logical Operators

Title	Description
!	Logical NOT.
&&	Logical AND.
XOR	Logical XOR.
\|\|	Logical OR.