rotateX()

The rotateX() CSS function defines a transformation that rotates an element around the abscissa (horizontal axis) without deforming it. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

The axis of rotation passes through an origin, defined by the transform-origin CSS property.

Note: rotateX(a) is equivalent to rotate3d(1, 0, 0, a).

Note: Unlike rotations in the 2D plane, the composition of 3D rotations is usually not commutative. In other words, the order in which the rotations are applied impacts the result.

Syntax

The amount of rotation created by rotateX() is specified by an <angle>. If positive, the movement will be clockwise; if negative, it will be counter-clockwise.

rotateX(a)

Values

a: Is an <angle> representing the angle of the rotation. A positive angle denotes a clockwise rotation, a negative angle a counter-clockwise one.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.		$(\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & cos (a) & - sin (a) \\ 0 & sin (a) & cos (a) \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & cos (a) & - sin (a) & 0 \\ 0 & sin (a) & cos (a) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$

Examples

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="rotated">Rotated</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.rotated {
  transform: rotateX(45deg);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 2 (CSS Transforms 2) # funcdef-rotatex

Browser compatibility

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	WebView Android	Chrome Android	Firefox for Android	Opera Android	Safari on IOS	Samsung Internet
`rotateX()`	12	12	10	10	15	4	3	18	10	14	3.2	1.0