text-combine-upright

The text-combine-upright CSS property sets the combination of characters into the space of a single character. If the combined text is wider than 1em, the user agent must fit the contents within 1em. The resulting composition is treated as a single upright glyph for layout and decoration. This property only has an effect in vertical writing modes.

This is used to produce an effect that is known as tate-chū-yoko (縦中横) in Japanese, or as 直書橫向 in Chinese.

/* Keyword values */
text-combine-upright: none;
text-combine-upright: all;

/* Digits values */
text-combine-upright: digits;     /* fits 2 consecutive digits horizontally inside vertical text */
text-combine-upright: digits 4;   /* fits up to 4 consecutive digits horizontally inside vertical text */

/* Global values */
text-combine-upright: inherit;
text-combine-upright: initial;
text-combine-upright: revert;
text-combine-upright: unset;

Syntax

Values

none

There is no special processing.

all

Attempts to typeset all consecutive characters within the box horizontally, such that they take up the space of a single character within the vertical line of the box.

digits <integer>?

Attempts to display a sequence of consecutive ASCII digits (U+0030–U+0039) that has as many or fewer characters than the specified integer, such that it takes up the space of a single character within the vertical line box. If the integer is omitted, it computes to 2. Integers outside the range of 2-4 are invalid.

Formal definition

Initial value none
Applies to non-replaced inline elements
Inherited yes
Computed value specified keyword, plus integer if 'digits'
Animation type Not animatable

Formal syntax

none | all | [ digits <integer>? ]

Examples

Digits

The digits value requires less markup than the all value when digits are being combined, but it is currently not very widely supported by browsers.

HTML

<p lang="ja" class="exampleText">平成20年4月16日に</p>

CSS

.exampleText {
  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
  text-combine-upright: digits 2;
  font: 36px serif;
}

Results

Screenshot Live sample

All

The all value requires markup around every piece of horizontal text, but it is currently supported by more browsers than the digits value.

HTML

<p lang="zh-Hant">民國<span class="num">105</span
>年<span class="num">4</span
>月<span class="num">29</span>日</p>

CSS

html { writing-mode: vertical-rl; font: 24px serif }
.num { text-combine-upright: all }

Results

Screenshot Live sample

Specifications

Specification
CSS Writing Modes Level 4 (CSS Writing Modes 4)
# text-combine-upright

Browser compatibility

Desktop Mobile
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari WebView Android Chrome Android Firefox for Android Opera Android Safari on IOS Samsung Internet
text-combine-upright
48
9
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
15-79
12-79
48
Before version 81, Firefox implemented the property as animatable. This was corrected to spec in 81.
11
35
15
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
5.1
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
48
≤37
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
48
18
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
48
Before version 81, Firefox implemented the property as animatable. This was corrected to spec in 81.
35
14
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
5
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
5.0
1.0
This property was initially named -webkit-text-combine according to a 2011 version of the CSS3 Writing Modes specification, supporting the values none and horizontal without digits.
digits
No
15-79
12-79
No
11
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

See also

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Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-combine-upright