matrix()

The matrix() CSS function defines a homogeneous 2D transformation matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Note: matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty) is a shorthand for matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1).

Syntax

The matrix() function is specified with six values. The constant values are implied and not passed as parameters; the other parameters are described in the column-major order.

matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)

Values

a b c d: Are <number>s describing the linear transformation.
tx ty: Are <number>s describing the translation to apply.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
$(\begin{matrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} a & c & 0 & tx \\ b & d & 0 & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$
$(\begin{matrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{matrix})$	`[a b c d tx ty]`

The values represent the following functions: matrix( scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY() )

Examples

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="changed">Changed</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.changed {
  transform: matrix(1, 2, -1, 1, 80, 80);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 1 (CSS Transforms 1) # funcdef-transform-matrix

Browser compatibility

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	WebView Android	Chrome Android	Firefox for Android	Opera Android	Safari on IOS	Samsung Internet
`matrix()`	1	12	3.5 Before Firefox 16, the translation values of `matrix()` could be `<length>`s, in addition to the standard `<number>`.	9	10.5	3.1	2	18	4	11	3.2	1.0