Unicode in Qt

Unicode is the standard for encoding text in almost all languages spoken in the world. It is nowadays used as the native encoding for text on most modern operating systems. The major exception is Microsoft Windows that still has a dual system supporting code pages and Unicode for applications.

Qt's Classes for Working with Strings

These classes are relevant when working with string data. For information about rendering text, see the Rich Text Processing overview, and if your string data is in XML, see the XML Processing overview.

QByteArray	Array of bytes
QByteArrayList	List of byte arrays
QByteArrayMatcher	Holds a sequence of bytes that can be quickly matched in a byte array
QChar	16-bit Unicode character
QCollator	Compares strings according to a localized collation algorithm
QCollatorSortKey	Can be used to speed up string collation
QLatin1Char	8-bit ASCII/Latin-1 character
QLatin1String	Thin wrapper around an US-ASCII/Latin-1 encoded string literal
QLocale	Converts between numbers and their string representations in various languages
QStaticByteArrayMatcher	Compile-time version of QByteArrayMatcher
QString	Unicode character string
QStringList	List of strings
QStringMatcher	Holds a sequence of characters that can be quickly matched in a Unicode string
QStringRef	Thin wrapper around QString substrings
QStringView	Unified view on UTF-16 strings with a read-only subset of the QString API
QTextBoundaryFinder	Way of finding Unicode text boundaries in a string
QTextStream	Convenient interface for reading and writing text

Information about Unicode on the Web

The Unicode Consortium has a number of documents available, including

• The current version of the standard
• A technical introduction to Unicode
• The home page for the standard

Unicode in Qt

In Qt, and in most applications that use Qt, most or all user-visible strings are stored using Unicode. Qt provides:

• Translation to/from legacy encodings for file I/O: see QTextCodec and QTextStream.
• Support for locale specific Input Methods and keyboards.
• A string class, QString, that stores Unicode characters, with support for migrating from C strings including fast translation to and from UTF-8, ISO8859-1 and US-ASCII, and all the usual string operations.
• Unicode-aware UI controls.
• Unicode compliant text segmentation (QTextBoundaryFinder)
• Unicode compliant line breaking and text rendering

To fully benefit from Unicode, we recommend using QString for storing all user-visible strings, and performing all text file I/O using QTextStream.

All the function arguments in Qt that may be user-visible strings, QLabel::setText() and a many others, take const QString &s. QString provides implicit casting from const char * so that things like

label->setText("Password:");

will work. There is also a function, QObject::tr(), that provides translation support, like this:

label->setText(tr("Password:"));

QObject::tr() maps from const char * to a Unicode string, and uses installable QTranslator objects to do the mapping.

Qt provides a number of built-in QTextCodec classes, that is, classes that know how to translate between Unicode and legacy encodings to support programs that must talk to other programs or read/write files in legacy file formats.

Conversion to/from const char * uses a UTF-8. However, applications can easily find codecs for other locales, and set any open file or network connection to use a special codec.

Since US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1 are so common, there are also especially fast functions for mapping to and from them. For example, to open an application's icon one might do this:

QFile file(QString::fromLatin1("appicon.png"));

or

QFile file(QLatin1String("appicon.png"));

Qt supports rendering text in most languages written in the world. The detailed list of supported writing systems depends a bit on operating system support and font availability on the target system.

See also Internationalization with Qt.