class Net::HTTP
An HTTP client API for Ruby.
Net::HTTP provides a rich library which can be used to build HTTP user-agents. For more details about HTTP see [RFC2616](www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt)
Net::HTTP is designed to work closely with URI. URI::Generic#host, URI::Generic#port and URI::HTTP#request_uri are designed to work with Net::HTTP.
If you are only performing a few GET requests you should try OpenURI.
Simple Examples
All examples assume you have loaded Net::HTTP with:
require 'net/http'
This will also require 'uri' so you don't need to require it separately.
The Net::HTTP methods in the following section do not persist connections. They are not recommended if you are performing many HTTP requests.
GET
Net::HTTP.get('example.com', '/index.html') # => String
GET by URI
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?count=10') Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
GET with Dynamic Parameters
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html') params = { :limit => 10, :page => 3 } uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params) res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri) puts res.body if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
POST
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi') res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => 'ruby', 'max' => '50') puts res.body
POST with Multiple Values
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi') res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => ['ruby', 'perl'], 'max' => '50') puts res.body
How to use Net::HTTP
The following example code can be used as the basis of a HTTP user-agent which can perform a variety of request types using persistent connections.
uri = URI('http://example.com/some_path?query=string') Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http| request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object end
::start immediately creates a connection to an HTTP server which is kept open for the duration of the block. The connection will remain open for multiple requests in the block if the server indicates it supports persistent connections.
The request types Net::HTTP supports are listed below in the section “HTTP Request Classes”.
If you wish to re-use a connection across multiple HTTP requests without automatically closing it you can use ::new instead of ::start. request will automatically open a connection to the server if one is not currently open. You can manually close the connection with finish.
For all the Net::HTTP request objects and shortcut request methods you may supply either a String for the request path or a URI from which Net::HTTP will extract the request path.
Response
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html') res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri) # Headers res['Set-Cookie'] # => String res.get_fields('set-cookie') # => Array res.to_hash['set-cookie'] # => Array puts "Headers: #{res.to_hash.inspect}" # Status puts res.code # => '200' puts res.message # => 'OK' puts res.class.name # => 'HTTPOK' # Body puts res.body if res.response_body_permitted?
Following Redirection
Each Net::HTTPResponse object belongs to a class for its response code.
For example, all 2XX responses are instances of a Net::HTTPSuccess subclass, a 3XX response is an instance of a Net::HTTPRedirection subclass and a 200 response is an instance of the Net::HTTPOK class. For details of response classes, see the section “HTTP Response Classes” below.
Using a case statement you can handle various types of responses properly:
def fetch(uri_str, limit = 10) # You should choose a better exception. raise ArgumentError, 'too many HTTP redirects' if limit == 0 response = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI(uri_str)) case response when Net::HTTPSuccess then response when Net::HTTPRedirection then location = response['location'] warn "redirected to #{location}" fetch(location, limit - 1) else response.value end end print fetch('http://www.ruby-lang.org')
POST
A POST can be made using the Net::HTTP::Post request class. This example creates a urlencoded POST body:
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/todo.cgi') req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri) req.set_form_data('from' => '2005-01-01', 'to' => '2005-03-31') res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) do |http| http.request(req) end case res when Net::HTTPSuccess, Net::HTTPRedirection # OK else res.value end
At this time Net::HTTP does not support multipart/form-data. To send multipart/form-data use Net::HTTPGenericRequest#body= and Net::HTTPRequest#content_type=:
req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri) req.body = multipart_data req.content_type = 'multipart/form-data'
Other requests that can contain a body such as PUT can be created in the same way using the corresponding request class (Net::HTTP::Put).
Setting Headers
The following example performs a conditional GET using the If-Modified-Since header. If the files has not been modified since the time in the header a Not Modified response will be returned. See RFC 2616 section 9.3 for further details.
uri = URI('http://example.com/cached_response') file = File.stat 'cached_response' req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) req['If-Modified-Since'] = file.mtime.rfc2822 res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http| http.request(req) } open 'cached_response', 'w' do |io| io.write res.body end if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
Basic Authentication
Basic authentication is performed according to [RFC2617](www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt)
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?key=value') req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) req.basic_auth 'user', 'pass' res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http| http.request(req) } puts res.body
Streaming Response Bodies
By default Net::HTTP reads an entire response into memory. If you are handling large files or wish to implement a progress bar you can instead stream the body directly to an IO.
uri = URI('http://example.com/large_file') Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http| request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri http.request request do |response| open 'large_file', 'w' do |io| response.read_body do |chunk| io.write chunk end end end end
HTTPS
HTTPS is enabled for an HTTP connection by #use_ssl=.
uri = URI('https://secure.example.com/some_path?query=string') Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port, :use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') do |http| request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object end
In previous versions of Ruby you would need to require 'net/https' to use HTTPS. This is no longer true.
Proxies
Net::HTTP will automatically create a proxy from the http_proxy
environment variable if it is present. To disable use of http_proxy
, pass nil
for the proxy address.
You may also create a custom proxy:
proxy_addr = 'your.proxy.host' proxy_port = 8080 Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, proxy_addr, proxy_port).start { |http| # always proxy via your.proxy.addr:8080 }
See ::new for further details and examples such as proxies that require a username and password.
Compression
Net::HTTP automatically adds Accept-Encoding for compression of response bodies and automatically decompresses gzip and deflate responses unless a Range header was sent.
Compression can be disabled through the Accept-Encoding: identity header.
HTTP Request Classes
Here is the HTTP request class hierarchy.
HTTP Response Classes
Here is HTTP response class hierarchy. All classes are defined in Net module and are subclasses of Net::HTTPResponse.
- HTTPUnknownResponse
-
For unhandled HTTP extensions
- HTTPInformation
-
1xx
- HTTPContinue
-
100
- HTTPSwitchProtocol
-
101
- HTTPSuccess
-
2xx
- HTTPOK
-
200
- HTTPCreated
-
201
- HTTPAccepted
-
202
- HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation
-
203
- HTTPNoContent
-
204
- HTTPResetContent
-
205
- HTTPPartialContent
-
206
- HTTPMultiStatus
-
207
- HTTPIMUsed
-
226
- HTTPRedirection
-
3xx
- HTTPMultipleChoices
-
300
- HTTPMovedPermanently
-
301
- HTTPFound
-
302
- HTTPSeeOther
-
303
- HTTPNotModified
-
304
- HTTPUseProxy
-
305
- HTTPTemporaryRedirect
-
307
- HTTPClientError
-
4xx
- HTTPBadRequest
-
400
- HTTPUnauthorized
-
401
- HTTPPaymentRequired
-
402
- HTTPForbidden
-
403
- HTTPNotFound
-
404
- HTTPMethodNotAllowed
-
405
- HTTPNotAcceptable
-
406
- HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired
-
407
- HTTPRequestTimeOut
-
408
- HTTPConflict
-
409
- HTTPGone
-
410
- HTTPLengthRequired
-
411
- HTTPPreconditionFailed
-
412
- HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge
-
413
- HTTPRequestURITooLong
-
414
- HTTPUnsupportedMediaType
-
415
- HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
-
416
- HTTPExpectationFailed
-
417
- HTTPUnprocessableEntity
-
422
- HTTPLocked
-
423
- HTTPFailedDependency
-
424
- HTTPUpgradeRequired
-
426
- HTTPPreconditionRequired
-
428
- HTTPTooManyRequests
-
429
- HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge
-
431
- HTTPServerError
-
5xx
- HTTPInternalServerError
-
500
- HTTPNotImplemented
-
501
- HTTPBadGateway
-
502
- HTTPServiceUnavailable
-
503
- HTTPGatewayTimeOut
-
504
- HTTPVersionNotSupported
-
505
- HTTPInsufficientStorage
-
507
- HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired
-
511
There is also the Net::HTTPBadResponse exception which is raised when there is a protocol error.
Constants
- SSL_ATTRIBUTES
- SSL_IVNAMES
Attributes
Address of proxy host. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
User password for accessing proxy. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
Port number of proxy host. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
User name for accessing proxy. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
The DNS host name or IP address to connect to.
Sets path of a CA certification file in PEM format.
The file can contain several CA certificates.
Sets path of a CA certification directory containing certifications in PEM format.
Sets an OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object as client certificate. (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos's OpenSSL extension).
Sets the X509::Store to verify peer certificate.
Sets the available ciphers. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=
Seconds to wait for 100 Continue response. If the HTTP object does not receive a response in this many seconds it sends the request body. The default value is nil
.
Sets an OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object. (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos's OpenSSL extension.)
The local host used to establish the connection.
The local port used to establish the connection.
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot open a connection in this many seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
The port number to connect to.
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Net::ReadTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
Sets the SSL timeout seconds.
Sets the SSL version. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=
Sets the verify callback for the server certification verification.
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
Sets the flags for server the certification verification at beginning of SSL/TLS session.
OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE or OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER are acceptable.
Public Class Methods
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 980 def HTTP.Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil) return self unless p_addr Class.new(self) { @is_proxy_class = true if p_addr == :ENV then @proxy_from_env = true @proxy_address = nil @proxy_port = nil else @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_address = p_addr @proxy_port = p_port || default_port end @proxy_user = p_user @proxy_pass = p_pass } end
Creates an HTTP proxy class which behaves like Net::HTTP, but performs all access via the specified proxy.
This class is obsolete. You may pass these same parameters directly to ::new. See ::new for details of the arguments.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 519 def HTTP.default_port http_default_port() end
The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 455 def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil) get_response(uri_or_host, path, port).body end
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response as a string. The target can either be specified as (uri
), or as (host
, path
, port
= 80); so:
print Net::HTTP.get(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html'))
or:
print Net::HTTP.get('www.example.com', '/index.html')
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 436 def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil) get_response(uri_or_host, path, port) {|res| res.read_body do |chunk| $stdout.print chunk end } nil end
Gets the body text from the target and outputs it to $stdout. The target can either be specified as (uri
), or as (host
, path
, port
= 80); so:
Net::HTTP.get_print URI('http://www.example.com/index.html')
or:
Net::HTTP.get_print 'www.example.com', '/index.html'
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 471 def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil, &block) if path host = uri_or_host new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http| return http.request_get(path, &block) } else uri = uri_or_host start(uri.hostname, uri.port, :use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http| return http.request_get(uri, &block) } end end
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response as a Net::HTTPResponse object. The target can either be specified as (uri
), or as (host
, path
, port
= 80); so:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html')) print res.body
or:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response('www.example.com', '/index.html') print res.body
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 524 def HTTP.http_default_port 80 end
The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 529 def HTTP.https_default_port 443 end
The default port to use for HTTPS requests; defaults to 443.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 634 def initialize(address, port = nil) @address = address @port = (port || HTTP.default_port) @local_host = nil @local_port = nil @curr_http_version = HTTPVersion @keep_alive_timeout = 2 @last_communicated = nil @close_on_empty_response = false @socket = nil @started = false @open_timeout = 60 @read_timeout = 60 @continue_timeout = nil @debug_output = nil @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_uri = nil @proxy_address = nil @proxy_port = nil @proxy_user = nil @proxy_pass = nil @use_ssl = false @ssl_context = nil @ssl_session = nil @sspi_enabled = false SSL_IVNAMES.each do |ivname| instance_variable_set ivname, nil end end
Creates a new Net::HTTP object for the specified server address, without opening the TCP connection or initializing the HTTP session. The address
should be a DNS hostname or IP address.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 610 def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil) http = super address, port if proxy_class? then # from Net::HTTP::Proxy() http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env http.proxy_address = @proxy_address http.proxy_port = @proxy_port http.proxy_user = @proxy_user http.proxy_pass = @proxy_pass elsif p_addr == :ENV then http.proxy_from_env = true else http.proxy_address = p_addr http.proxy_port = p_port || default_port http.proxy_user = p_user http.proxy_pass = p_pass end http end
Creates a new Net::HTTP object without opening a TCP connection or HTTP session.
The address
should be a DNS hostname or IP address, the port
is the port the server operates on. If no port
is given the default port for HTTP or HTTPS is used.
If none of the p_
arguments are given, the proxy host and port are taken from the http_proxy
environment variable (or its uppercase equivalent) if present. If the proxy requires authentication you must supply it by hand. See URI::Generic#find_proxy for details of proxy detection from the environment. To disable proxy detection set p_addr
to nil.
If you are connecting to a custom proxy, p_addr
the DNS name or IP address of the proxy host, p_port
the port to use to access the proxy, and p_user
and p_pass
the username and password if authorization is required to use the proxy.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 504 def HTTP.post_form(url, params) req = Post.new(url) req.form_data = params req.basic_auth url.user, url.password if url.user start(url.hostname, url.port, :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http| http.request(req) } end
Posts HTML form data to the specified URI object. The form data must be provided as a Hash mapping from String to String. Example:
{ "cmd" => "search", "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
This method also does Basic Authentication iff url
.user exists. But userinfo for authentication is deprecated (RFC3986). So this feature will be removed.
Example:
require 'net/http' require 'uri' Net::HTTP.post_form URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi'), { "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1003 def proxy_class? defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false end
returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 567 def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: +http+ arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1]) port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl] http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass) if opt if opt[:use_ssl] opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt) end http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth| key = $1.to_sym opt.key?(key) or next http.__send__(meth, opt[key]) end end http.start(&block) end
Creates a new Net::HTTP object, then additionally opens the TCP connection and HTTP session.
Arguments are the following:
- address
-
hostname or IP address of the server
- port
-
port of the server
- p_addr
-
address of proxy
- p_port
-
port of proxy
- p_user
-
user of proxy
- p_pass
-
pass of proxy
- opt
-
optional hash
opt sets following values by its accessor. The keys are #ca_file, #ca_path, cert, #cert_store, ciphers, #close_on_empty_response, key, #open_timeout, #read_timeout, #ssl_timeout, #ssl_version, use_ssl, #verify_callback, #verify_depth and verify_mode. If you set :use_ssl as true, you can use https and default value of #verify_mode is set as OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER.
If the optional block is given, the newly created Net::HTTP object is passed to it and closed when the block finishes. In this case, the return value of this method is the return value of the block. If no block is given, the return value of this method is the newly created Net::HTTP object itself, and the caller is responsible for closing it upon completion using the finish() method.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 402 def HTTP.version_1_2 true end
Turns on net/http 1.2 (Ruby 1.8) features. Defaults to ON in Ruby 1.8 or later.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 408 def HTTP.version_1_2? true end
Returns true if net/http is in version 1.2 mode. Defaults to true.
Public Instance Methods
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 726 def continue_timeout=(sec) @socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket @continue_timeout = sec end
Setter for the #continue_timeout attribute.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1252 def copy(path, initheader = nil) request(Copy.new(path, initheader)) end
Sends a COPY request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1240 def delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'}) request(Delete.new(path, initheader)) end
Sends a DELETE request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1140 def get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+ res = nil request(Get.new(path, initheader)) {|r| r.read_body dest, &block res = r } res end
Retrieves data from path
on the connected-to host which may be an absolute path String or a URI to extract the path from.
initheader
must be a Hash like { 'Accept' => '/', … }, and it defaults to an empty hash. If initheader
doesn't have the key 'accept-encoding', then a value of “gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3” is used, so that gzip compression is used in preference to deflate compression, which is used in preference to no compression. Ruby doesn't have libraries to support the compress (Lempel-Ziv) compression, so that is not supported. The intent of this is to reduce bandwidth by default. If this routine sets up compression, then it does the decompression also, removing the header as well to prevent confusion. Otherwise it leaves the body as it found it.
This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
If called with a block, yields each fragment of the entity body in turn as a string as it is read from the socket. Note that in this case, the returned response object will not contain a (meaningful) body.
dest
argument is obsolete. It still works but you must not use it.
This method never raises an exception.
response = http.get('/index.html') # using block File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f| http.get('/~foo/') do |str| f.write str end }
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1162 def head(path, initheader = nil) request(Head.new(path, initheader)) end
Gets only the header from path
on the connected-to host. header
is a Hash like { 'Accept' => '/', … }.
This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
This method never raises an exception.
response = nil Net::HTTP.start('some.www.server', 80) {|http| response = http.head('/index.html') } p response['content-type']
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 666 def inspect "#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>" end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1216 def lock(path, body, initheader = nil) request(Lock.new(path, initheader), body) end
Sends a LOCK request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1258 def mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil) request(Mkcol.new(path, initheader), body) end
Sends a MKCOL request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1246 def move(path, initheader = nil) request(Move.new(path, initheader)) end
Sends a MOVE request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1228 def options(path, initheader = nil) request(Options.new(path, initheader)) end
Sends a OPTIONS request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1200 def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+ send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block) end
Sends a PATCH request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 832 def peer_cert if not use_ssl? or not @socket return nil end @socket.io.peer_cert end
Returns the X.509 certificates the server presented.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1194 def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+ send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block) end
Posts data
(must be a String) to path
. header
must be a Hash like { 'Accept' => '/', … }.
This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
If called with a block, yields each fragment of the entity body in turn as a string as it is read from the socket. Note that in this case, the returned response object will not contain a (meaningful) body.
dest
argument is obsolete. It still works but you must not use it.
This method never raises exception.
response = http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo') # using block File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f| http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo') do |str| f.write str end }
You should set Content-Type: header field for POST. If no Content-Type: field given, this method uses “application/x-www-form-urlencoded” by default.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1234 def propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'}) request(Propfind.new(path, initheader), body) end
Sends a PROPFIND request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1210 def proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil) request(Proppatch.new(path, initheader), body) end
Sends a PROPPATCH request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1022 def proxy? !!if @proxy_from_env then proxy_uri else @proxy_address end end
True if requests for this connection will be proxied
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1043 def proxy_address if @proxy_from_env then proxy_uri&.hostname else @proxy_address end end
The address of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1031 def proxy_from_env? @proxy_from_env end
True if the proxy for this connection is determined from the environment
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1066 def proxy_pass @proxy_pass end
The proxy password, if one is configured
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1052 def proxy_port if @proxy_from_env then proxy_uri&.port else @proxy_port end end
The port of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1061 def proxy_user @proxy_user end
The proxy username, if one is configured
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 715 def read_timeout=(sec) @socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket @read_timeout = sec end
Setter for the #read_timeout attribute.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1382 def request(req, body = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+ unless started? start { req['connection'] ||= 'close' return request(req, body, &block) } end if proxy_user() req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl? end req.set_body_internal body res = transport_request(req, &block) if sspi_auth?(res) sspi_auth(req) res = transport_request(req, &block) end res end
Sends an HTTPRequest object req
to the HTTP server.
If req
is a Net::HTTP::Post or Net::HTTP::Put request containing data, the data is also sent. Providing data for a Net::HTTP::Head or Net::HTTP::Get request results in an ArgumentError.
Returns an HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block. The body of the response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using Net::HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1293 def request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+ request(Get.new(path, initheader), &block) end
Sends a GET request to the path
. Returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block. The body of the response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using Net::HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
response = http.request_get('/index.html') # The entity body is already read in this case. p response['content-type'] puts response.body # Using a block http.request_get('/index.html') {|response| p response['content-type'] response.read_body do |str| # read body now print str end }
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1307 def request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block) request(Head.new(path, initheader), &block) end
Sends a HEAD request to the path
and returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
response = http.request_head('/index.html') p response['content-type']
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1337 def request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+ request Post.new(path, initheader), data, &block end
Sends a POST request to the path
.
Returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, the block is passed an HTTPResponse object. The body of that response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using Net::HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
# example response = http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...') p response.status puts response.body # body is already read in this case # using block http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...') {|response| p response.status p response['content-type'] response.read_body do |str| # read body now print str end }
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1361 def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil) has_response_body = name != 'HEAD' r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header) request r, data end
Sends an HTTP request to the HTTP server. Also sends a DATA string if data
is given.
Returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
response = http.send_request('GET', '/index.html') puts response.body
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 679 def set_debug_output(output) warn 'Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started' if started? @debug_output = output end
WARNING This method opens a serious security hole. Never use this method in production code.
Sets an output stream for debugging.
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname) http.set_debug_output $stderr http.start { .... }
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 848 def start # :yield: http raise IOError, 'HTTP session already opened' if @started if block_given? begin do_start return yield(self) ensure do_finish end end do_start self end
Opens a TCP connection and HTTP session.
When this method is called with a block, it passes the Net::HTTP object to the block, and closes the TCP connection and HTTP session after the block has been executed.
When called with a block, it returns the return value of the block; otherwise, it returns self.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 738 def started? @started end
Returns true if the HTTP session has been started.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1264 def trace(path, initheader = nil) request(Trace.new(path, initheader)) end
Sends a TRACE request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1222 def unlock(path, body, initheader = nil) request(Unlock.new(path, initheader), body) end
Sends a UNLOCK request to the path
and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 755 def use_ssl=(flag) flag = flag ? true : false if started? and @use_ssl != flag raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started" end @use_ssl = flag end
Turn on/off SSL. This flag must be set before starting session. If you change use_ssl value after session started, a Net::HTTP object raises IOError.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 747 def use_ssl? @use_ssl end
Returns true if SSL/TLS is being used with HTTP.
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1551 def D(msg) return unless @debug_output @debug_output << msg @debug_output << "\n" end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1543 def addr_port if use_ssl? address() + (port == HTTP.https_default_port ? '' : ":#{port()}") else address() + (port == HTTP.http_default_port ? '' : ":#{port()}") end end
utils
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1460 def begin_transport(req) if @socket.closed? connect elsif @last_communicated if @last_communicated + @keep_alive_timeout < Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) D 'Conn close because of keep_alive_timeout' @socket.close connect elsif @socket.io.to_io.wait_readable(0) && @socket.eof? D "Conn close because of EOF" @socket.close connect end end if not req.response_body_permitted? and @close_on_empty_response req['connection'] ||= 'close' end req.update_uri address, port, use_ssl? req['host'] ||= addr_port() end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 868 def connect if proxy? then conn_address = proxy_address conn_port = proxy_port else conn_address = address conn_port = port end D "opening connection to #{conn_address}:#{conn_port}..." s = Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Net::OpenTimeout) { begin TCPSocket.open(conn_address, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port) rescue => e raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " + "#{conn_address}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})" end } s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1) D "opened" if use_ssl? ssl_parameters = Hash.new iv_list = instance_variables SSL_IVNAMES.each_with_index do |ivname, i| if iv_list.include?(ivname) and value = instance_variable_get(ivname) ssl_parameters[SSL_ATTRIBUTES[i]] = value if value end end @ssl_context = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_parameters) D "starting SSL for #{conn_address}:#{conn_port}..." s = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s, @ssl_context) s.sync_close = true D "SSL established" end @socket = BufferedIO.new(s) @socket.read_timeout = @read_timeout @socket.continue_timeout = @continue_timeout @socket.debug_output = @debug_output if use_ssl? begin if proxy? buf = "CONNECT #{@address}:#{@port} HTTP/#{HTTPVersion}\r\n" buf << "Host: #{@address}:#{@port}\r\n" if proxy_user credential = ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m') credential.delete!("\r\n") buf << "Proxy-Authorization: Basic #{credential}\r\n" end buf << "\r\n" @socket.write(buf) HTTPResponse.read_new(@socket).value end # Server Name Indication (SNI) RFC 3546 s.hostname = @address if s.respond_to? :hostname= if @ssl_session and Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout s.session = @ssl_session if @ssl_session end ssl_socket_connect(s, @open_timeout) if @ssl_context.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE s.post_connection_check(@address) end @ssl_session = s.session rescue => exception D "Conn close because of connect error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket and not @socket.closed? raise exception end end on_connect end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 954 def do_finish @started = false @socket.close if @socket and not @socket.closed? @socket = nil end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 862 def do_start connect @started = true end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1085 def edit_path(path) if proxy? if path.start_with?("ftp://") || use_ssl? path else "http://#{addr_port}#{path}" end else path end end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1483 def end_transport(req, res) @curr_http_version = res.http_version @last_communicated = nil if @socket.closed? D 'Conn socket closed' elsif not res.body and @close_on_empty_response D 'Conn close' @socket.close elsif keep_alive?(req, res) D 'Conn keep-alive' @last_communicated = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) else D 'Conn close' @socket.close end end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1500 def keep_alive?(req, res) return false if req.connection_close? if @curr_http_version <= '1.0' res.connection_keep_alive? else # HTTP/1.1 or later not res.connection_close? end end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 943 def on_connect end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1405 def send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block) res = nil request(type.new(path, initheader), data) {|r| r.read_body dest, &block res = r } res end
Executes a request which uses a representation and returns its body.
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1524 def sspi_auth(req) n = Win32::SSPI::NegotiateAuth.new req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.get_initial_token}" # Some versions of ISA will close the connection if this isn't present. req["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" req["Proxy-Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" res = transport_request(req) authphrase = res["Proxy-Authenticate"] or return res req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.complete_authentication(authphrase)}" rescue => err raise HTTPAuthenticationError.new('HTTP authentication failed', err) end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1509 def sspi_auth?(res) return false unless @sspi_enabled if res.kind_of?(HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired) and proxy? and res["Proxy-Authenticate"].include?("Negotiate") begin require 'win32/sspi' true rescue LoadError false end else false end end
# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1416 def transport_request(req) count = 0 begin begin_transport req res = catch(:response) { req.exec @socket, @curr_http_version, edit_path(req.path) begin res = HTTPResponse.read_new(@socket) res.decode_content = req.decode_content end while res.kind_of?(HTTPInformation) res.uri = req.uri res } res.reading_body(@socket, req.response_body_permitted?) { yield res if block_given? } rescue Net::OpenTimeout raise rescue Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, # avoid a dependency on OpenSSL defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) ? OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError : IOError, Timeout::Error => exception if count == 0 && IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_.include?(req.method) count += 1 @socket.close if @socket and not @socket.closed? D "Conn close because of error #{exception}, and retry" retry end D "Conn close because of error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket and not @socket.closed? raise end end_transport req, res res rescue => exception D "Conn close because of error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket and not @socket.closed? raise exception end
Ruby Core © 1993–2017 Yukihiro Matsumoto
Licensed under the Ruby License.
Ruby Standard Library © contributors
Licensed under their own licenses.