dart:core

parse method

Uri parse (

1. String uri,
2. [int start = 0,
3. int? end]

)

Creates a new Uri object by parsing a URI string.

If start and end are provided, they must specify a valid substring of uri, and only the substring from start to end is parsed as a URI.

If the uri string is not valid as a URI or URI reference, a FormatException is thrown.

Implementation

static Uri parse(String uri, [int start = 0, int? end]) {
  // This parsing will not validate percent-encoding, IPv6, etc.
  // When done splitting into parts, it will call, e.g., [_makeFragment]
  // to do the final parsing.
  //
  // Important parts of the RFC 3986 used here:
  // URI           = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
  //
  // hier-part     = "//" authority path-abempty
  //               / path-absolute
  //               / path-rootless
  //               / path-empty
  //
  // URI-reference = URI / relative-ref
  //
  // absolute-URI  = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ]
  //
  // relative-ref  = relative-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
  //
  // relative-part = "//" authority path-abempty
  //               / path-absolute
  //               / path-noscheme
  //               / path-empty
  //
  // scheme        = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )
  //
  // authority     = [ userinfo "@" ] host [ ":" port ]
  // userinfo      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" )
  // host          = IP-literal / IPv4address / reg-name
  // IP-literal    = "[" ( IPv6address / IPv6addrz / IPvFuture ) "]"
  // IPv6addrz     = IPv6address "%25" ZoneID
  // ZoneID        = 1*( unreserved / pct-encoded )
  // port          = *DIGIT
  // reg-name      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
  //
  // path          = path-abempty    ; begins with "/" or is empty
  //               / path-absolute   ; begins with "/" but not "//"
  //               / path-noscheme   ; begins with a non-colon segment
  //               / path-rootless   ; begins with a segment
  //               / path-empty      ; zero characters
  //
  // path-abempty  = *( "/" segment )
  // path-absolute = "/" [ segment-nz *( "/" segment ) ]
  // path-noscheme = segment-nz-nc *( "/" segment )
  // path-rootless = segment-nz *( "/" segment )
  // path-empty    = 0<pchar>
  //
  // segment       = *pchar
  // segment-nz    = 1*pchar
  // segment-nz-nc = 1*( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / "@" )
  //               ; non-zero-length segment without any colon ":"
  //
  // pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
  //
  // query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
  //
  // fragment      = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
  end ??= uri.length;

  // Special case data:URIs. Ignore case when testing.
  if (end >= start + 5) {
    int dataDelta = _startsWithData(uri, start);
    if (dataDelta == 0) {
      // The case is right.
      if (start > 0 || end < uri.length) uri = uri.substring(start, end);
      return UriData._parse(uri, 5, null).uri;
    } else if (dataDelta == 0x20) {
      return UriData._parse(uri.substring(start + 5, end), 0, null).uri;
    }
    // Otherwise the URI doesn't start with "data:" or any case variant of it.
  }

  // The following index-normalization belongs with the scanning, but is
  // easier to do here because we already have extracted variables from the
  // indices list.
  var indices = List<int>.filled(8, 0, growable: false);

  // Set default values for each position.
  // The value will either be correct in some cases where it isn't set
  // by the scanner, or it is clearly recognizable as an unset value.
  indices
    ..[0] = 0
    ..[_schemeEndIndex] = start - 1
    ..[_hostStartIndex] = start - 1
    ..[_notSimpleIndex] = start - 1
    ..[_portStartIndex] = start
    ..[_pathStartIndex] = start
    ..[_queryStartIndex] = end
    ..[_fragmentStartIndex] = end;
  var state = _scan(uri, start, end, _uriStart, indices);
  // Some states that should be non-simple, but the URI ended early.
  // Paths that end at a ".." must be normalized to end in "../".
  if (state >= _nonSimpleEndStates) {
    indices[_notSimpleIndex] = end;
  }
  int schemeEnd = indices[_schemeEndIndex];
  if (schemeEnd >= start) {
    // Rescan the scheme part now that we know it's not a path.
    state = _scan(uri, start, schemeEnd, _schemeStart, indices);
    if (state == _schemeStart) {
      // Empty scheme.
      indices[_notSimpleIndex] = schemeEnd;
    }
  }
  // The returned positions are limited by the scanners ability to write only
  // one position per character, and only the current position.
  // Scanning from left to right, we only know whether something is a scheme
  // or a path when we see a `:` or `/`, and likewise we only know if the first
  // `/` is part of the path or is leading an authority component when we see
  // the next character.

  int hostStart = indices[_hostStartIndex] + 1;
  int portStart = indices[_portStartIndex];
  int pathStart = indices[_pathStartIndex];
  int queryStart = indices[_queryStartIndex];
  int fragmentStart = indices[_fragmentStartIndex];

  // We may discover the scheme while handling special cases.
  String? scheme;

  // Derive some positions that weren't set to normalize the indices.
  if (fragmentStart < queryStart) queryStart = fragmentStart;
  // If pathStart isn't set (it's before scheme end or host start), then
  // the path is empty, or there is no authority part and the path
  // starts with a non-simple character.
  if (pathStart < hostStart) {
    // There is an authority, but no path. The path would start with `/`
    // if it was there.
    pathStart = queryStart;
  } else if (pathStart <= schemeEnd) {
    // There is a scheme, but no authority.
    pathStart = schemeEnd + 1;
  }
  // If there is an authority with no port, set the port position
  // to be at the end of the authority (equal to pathStart).
  // This also handles a ":" in a user-info component incorrectly setting
  // the port start position.
  if (portStart < hostStart) portStart = pathStart;

  assert(hostStart == start || schemeEnd <= hostStart);
  assert(hostStart <= portStart);
  assert(schemeEnd <= pathStart);
  assert(portStart <= pathStart);
  assert(pathStart <= queryStart);
  assert(queryStart <= fragmentStart);

  bool isSimple = indices[_notSimpleIndex] < start;

  if (isSimple) {
    // Check/do normalizations that weren't detected by the scanner.
    // This includes removal of empty port or userInfo,
    // or scheme specific port and path normalizations.
    if (hostStart > schemeEnd + 3) {
      // Always be non-simple if URI contains user-info.
      // The scanner doesn't set the not-simple position in this case because
      // it's setting the host-start position instead.
      isSimple = false;
    } else if (portStart > start && portStart + 1 == pathStart) {
      // If the port is empty, it should be omitted.
      // Pathological case, don't bother correcting it.
      isSimple = false;
    } else if (queryStart < end &&
            (queryStart == pathStart + 2 &&
                uri.startsWith("..", pathStart)) ||
        (queryStart > pathStart + 2 &&
            uri.startsWith("/..", queryStart - 3))) {
      // The path ends in a ".." segment. This should be normalized to "../".
      // We didn't detect this while scanning because a query or fragment was
      // detected at the same time (which is why we only need to check this
      // if there is something after the path).
      isSimple = false;
    } else {
      // There are a few scheme-based normalizations that
      // the scanner couldn't check.
      // That means that the input is very close to simple, so just do
      // the normalizations.
      if (schemeEnd == start + 4) {
        // Do scheme based normalizations for file, http.
        if (uri.startsWith("file", start)) {
          scheme = "file";
          if (hostStart <= start) {
            // File URIs should have an authority.
            // Paths after an authority should be absolute.
            String schemeAuth = "file://";
            int delta = 2;
            if (!uri.startsWith("/", pathStart)) {
              schemeAuth = "file:///";
              delta = 3;
            }
            uri = schemeAuth + uri.substring(pathStart, end);
            schemeEnd -= start;
            hostStart = 7;
            portStart = 7;
            pathStart = 7;
            queryStart += delta - start;
            fragmentStart += delta - start;
            start = 0;
            end = uri.length;
          } else if (pathStart == queryStart) {
            // Uri has authority and empty path. Add "/" as path.
            if (start == 0 && end == uri.length) {
              uri = uri.replaceRange(pathStart, queryStart, "/");
              queryStart += 1;
              fragmentStart += 1;
              end += 1;
            } else {
              uri = "${uri.substring(start, pathStart)}/"
                  "${uri.substring(queryStart, end)}";
              schemeEnd -= start;
              hostStart -= start;
              portStart -= start;
              pathStart -= start;
              queryStart += 1 - start;
              fragmentStart += 1 - start;
              start = 0;
              end = uri.length;
            }
          }
        } else if (uri.startsWith("http", start)) {
          scheme = "http";
          // HTTP URIs should not have an explicit port of 80.
          if (portStart > start &&
              portStart + 3 == pathStart &&
              uri.startsWith("80", portStart + 1)) {
            if (start == 0 && end == uri.length) {
              uri = uri.replaceRange(portStart, pathStart, "");
              pathStart -= 3;
              queryStart -= 3;
              fragmentStart -= 3;
              end -= 3;
            } else {
              uri = uri.substring(start, portStart) +
                  uri.substring(pathStart, end);
              schemeEnd -= start;
              hostStart -= start;
              portStart -= start;
              pathStart -= 3 + start;
              queryStart -= 3 + start;
              fragmentStart -= 3 + start;
              start = 0;
              end = uri.length;
            }
          }
        }
      } else if (schemeEnd == start + 5 && uri.startsWith("https", start)) {
        scheme = "https";
        // HTTPS URIs should not have an explicit port of 443.
        if (portStart > start &&
            portStart + 4 == pathStart &&
            uri.startsWith("443", portStart + 1)) {
          if (start == 0 && end == uri.length) {
            uri = uri.replaceRange(portStart, pathStart, "");
            pathStart -= 4;
            queryStart -= 4;
            fragmentStart -= 4;
            end -= 3;
          } else {
            uri = uri.substring(start, portStart) +
                uri.substring(pathStart, end);
            schemeEnd -= start;
            hostStart -= start;
            portStart -= start;
            pathStart -= 4 + start;
            queryStart -= 4 + start;
            fragmentStart -= 4 + start;
            start = 0;
            end = uri.length;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (isSimple) {
    if (start > 0 || end < uri.length) {
      uri = uri.substring(start, end);
      schemeEnd -= start;
      hostStart -= start;
      portStart -= start;
      pathStart -= start;
      queryStart -= start;
      fragmentStart -= start;
    }
    return _SimpleUri(uri, schemeEnd, hostStart, portStart, pathStart,
        queryStart, fragmentStart, scheme);
  }

  return _Uri.notSimple(uri, start, end, schemeEnd, hostStart, portStart,
      pathStart, queryStart, fragmentStart, scheme);
}