Blocks

In 2.0 we added a block feature to allow for logical grouping of tasks and even in play error handling. Most of what you can apply to a single task can be applied at the block level, which also makes it much easier to set data or directives common to the tasks. This does not mean the directive affects the block itself, but is inherited by the tasks enclosed by a block. i.e. a when will be applied to the tasks, not the block itself.

   tasks:
     - name: Install Apache
       block:
         - yum: name={{ item }} state=installed
           with_items:
             - httpd
             - memcached
         - template: src=templates/src.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
         - service: name=bar state=started enabled=True
       when: ansible_distribution == 'CentOS'
       become: true
       become_user: root

In the example above, each of the 3 tasks will be executed after appending the when condition from the block and evaluating it in the task’s context. Also they inherit the privilege escalation directives enabling “become to root” for all the enclosed tasks.

Error Handling

Blocks also introduce the ability to handle errors in a way similar to exceptions in most programming languages.

  tasks:
   - name: Attempt and gracefull roll back demo
     block:
       - debug: msg='I execute normally'
       - command: /bin/false
       - debug: msg='I never execute, due to the above task failing'
     rescue:
       - debug: msg='I caught an error'
       - command: /bin/false
       - debug: msg='I also never execute :-('
     always:
       - debug: msg="this always executes"

The tasks in the block would execute normally, if there is any error the rescue section would get executed with whatever you need to do to recover from the previous error. The always section runs no matter what previous error did or did not occur in the block and rescue sections.

Another example is how to run handlers after an error occurred :

 tasks:
   - name: Attempt and gracefull roll back demo
     block:
       - debug: msg='I execute normally'
         notify: run me even after an error
       - command: /bin/false
     rescue:
       - name: make sure all handlers run
         meta: flush_handlers
  handlers:
    - name: run me even after an error
      debug: msg='this handler runs even on error'