module Bundler
Bundler provides a consistent environment for Ruby projects by tracking and installing the exact gems and versions that are needed.
Since Ruby 2.6, Bundler is a part of Ruby's standard library.
Bunder is used by creating gemfiles listing all the project dependencies and (optionally) their versions and then using
require 'bundler/setup'
or Bundler.setup to setup environment where only specified gems and their specified versions could be used.
See Bundler website for extensive documentation on gemfiles creation and Bundler usage.
As a standard library inside project, Bundler could be used for introspection of loaded and required modules.
Constants
- ORIGINAL_ENV
- SUDO_MUTEX
Public Class Methods
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 306 def app_cache(custom_path = nil) path = custom_path || root Pathname.new(path).join(settings.app_cache_path) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 292
def app_config_path
if app_config = ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"]
app_config_pathname = Pathname.new(app_config)
if app_config_pathname.absolute?
app_config_pathname
else
app_config_pathname.expand_path(root)
end
else
root.join(".bundle")
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 103
def bin_path
@bin_path ||= begin
path = settings[:bin] || "bin"
path = Pathname.new(path).expand_path(root).expand_path
SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path) {|p| FileUtils.mkdir_p(p) }
path
end
end Returns absolute location of where binstubs are installed to.
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 94 def bundle_path @bundle_path ||= Pathname.new(configured_bundle_path.path).expand_path(root) end
Returns absolute path of where gems are installed on the filesystem.
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 340
def clean_env
Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
2,
"`Bundler.clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " \
"If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`",
:print_caller_location => true
)
unbundled_env
end @deprecated Use `unbundled_env` instead
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 427
def clean_exec(*args)
Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
2,
"`Bundler.clean_exec` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " \
"If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`",
:print_caller_location => true
)
with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end @deprecated Use `unbundled_exec` instead
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 405
def clean_system(*args)
Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
2,
"`Bundler.clean_system` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " \
"If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`",
:print_caller_location => true
)
with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.system(*args) }
end @deprecated Use `unbundled_system` instead
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 592
def clear_gemspec_cache
@gemspec_cache = {}
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 80 def configure @configured ||= configure_gem_home_and_path end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 98 def configured_bundle_path @configured_bundle_path ||= settings.path.tap(&:validate!) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 456 def default_bundle_dir SharedHelpers.default_bundle_dir end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 448 def default_gemfile SharedHelpers.default_gemfile end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 452 def default_lockfile SharedHelpers.default_lockfile end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 191
def definition(unlock = nil)
@definition = nil if unlock
@definition ||= begin
configure
Definition.build(default_gemfile, default_lockfile, unlock)
end
end Returns an instance of Bundler::Definition for given Gemfile and lockfile
@param unlock [Hash, Boolean, nil] Gems that have been requested
to be updated or true if all gems should be updated
@return [Bundler::Definition]
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 181 def environment SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler.environment has been removed in favor of Bundler.load", :print_caller_location => true load end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 601 def feature_flag @feature_flag ||= FeatureFlag.new(VERSION) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 199 def frozen_bundle? frozen = settings[:deployment] frozen ||= settings[:frozen] unless feature_flag.deployment_means_frozen? frozen end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 596
def git_present?
return @git_present if defined?(@git_present)
@git_present = Bundler.which("git") || Bundler.which("git.exe")
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 270
def home
bundle_path.join("bundler")
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 274
def install_path
home.join("gems")
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 177 def load @load ||= Runtime.new(root, definition) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 565
def load_gemspec(file, validate = false)
@gemspec_cache ||= {}
key = File.expand_path(file)
@gemspec_cache[key] ||= load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate)
# Protect against caching side-effected gemspecs by returning a
# new instance each time.
@gemspec_cache[key].dup if @gemspec_cache[key]
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 574
def load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate = false)
path = Pathname.new(file)
contents = read_file(file)
spec = if contents.start_with?("---") # YAML header
eval_yaml_gemspec(path, contents)
else
# Eval the gemspec from its parent directory, because some gemspecs
# depend on "./" relative paths.
SharedHelpers.chdir(path.dirname.to_s) do
eval_gemspec(path, contents)
end
end
return unless spec
spec.loaded_from = path.expand_path.to_s
Bundler.rubygems.validate(spec) if validate
spec
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 559
def load_marshal(data)
Marshal.load(data)
rescue StandardError => e
raise MarshalError, "#{e.class}: #{e.message}"
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 443 def local_platform return Gem::Platform::RUBY if settings[:force_ruby_platform] Gem::Platform.local end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 205
def locked_gems
@locked_gems ||=
if defined?(@definition) && @definition
definition.locked_gems
elsif Bundler.default_lockfile.file?
lock = Bundler.read_file(Bundler.default_lockfile)
LockfileParser.new(lock)
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 505
def mkdir_p(path, options = {})
if requires_sudo? && !options[:no_sudo]
sudo "mkdir -p '#{path}'" unless File.exist?(path)
else
SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path, :write) do |p|
FileUtils.mkdir_p(p)
end
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 215 def most_specific_locked_platform?(platform) return false unless defined?(@definition) && @definition definition.most_specific_locked_platform == platform end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 335 def original_env ORIGINAL_ENV.clone end
@return [Hash] Environment present before Bundler was activated
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 422
def original_exec(*args)
with_original_env { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end Run a `Kernel.exec` to a subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 400
def original_system(*args)
with_original_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
end Run subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 469 def preferred_gemfile_name Bundler.settings[:init_gems_rb] ? "gems.rb" : "Gemfile" end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 553
def read_file(file)
SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file, :read) do
File.open(file, "r:UTF-8", &:read)
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 173 def require(*groups) setup(*groups).require(*groups) end
Setups Bundler environment (see Bundler.setup) if it is not already set, and loads all gems from groups specified. Unlike ::setup, can be called multiple times with different groups (if they were allowed by setup).
Assuming Gemfile
gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0' group :test do gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0' end
The code will work as follows:
Bundler.setup # allow all groups Bundler.require(:default) # requires only first_gem # ...later Bundler.require(:test) # requires second_gem
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 477
def requires_sudo?
return @requires_sudo if defined?(@requires_sudo_ran)
sudo_present = which "sudo" if settings.allow_sudo?
if sudo_present
# the bundle path and subdirectories need to be writable for RubyGems
# to be able to unpack and install gems without exploding
path = bundle_path
path = path.parent until path.exist?
# bins are written to a different location on OS X
bin_dir = Pathname.new(Bundler.system_bindir)
bin_dir = bin_dir.parent until bin_dir.exist?
# if any directory is not writable, we need sudo
files = [path, bin_dir] | Dir[bundle_path.join("build_info/*").to_s] | Dir[bundle_path.join("*").to_s]
unwritable_files = files.reject {|f| File.writable?(f) }
sudo_needed = !unwritable_files.empty?
if sudo_needed
Bundler.ui.warn "Following files may not be writable, so sudo is needed:\n #{unwritable_files.map(&:to_s).sort.join("\n ")}"
end
end
@requires_sudo_ran = true
@requires_sudo = settings.allow_sudo? && sudo_present && sudo_needed
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 605 def reset! reset_paths! Plugin.reset! reset_rubygems! end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 616 def reset_paths! @bin_path = nil @bundler_major_version = nil @bundle_path = nil @configured = nil @configured_bundle_path = nil @definition = nil @load = nil @locked_gems = nil @root = nil @settings = nil @setup = nil @user_home = nil end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 631 def reset_rubygems! return unless defined?(@rubygems) && @rubygems rubygems.undo_replacements rubygems.reset @rubygems = nil end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 611 def reset_settings_and_root! @settings = nil @root = nil end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 316
def rm_rf(path)
FileUtils.remove_entry_secure(path) if path && File.exist?(path)
rescue ArgumentError
message = <<EOF
It is a security vulnerability to allow your home directory to be world-writable, and bundler can not continue.
You should probably consider fixing this issue by running `chmod o-w ~` on *nix.
Please refer to https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.1.2/libdoc/fileutils/rdoc/FileUtils.html#method-c-remove_entry_secure for details.
EOF
File.world_writable?(path) ? Bundler.ui.warn(message) : raise
raise PathError, "Please fix the world-writable issue with your #{path} directory"
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 282
def root
@root ||= begin
SharedHelpers.root
rescue GemfileNotFound
bundle_dir = default_bundle_dir
raise GemfileNotFound, "Could not locate Gemfile or .bundle/ directory" unless bundle_dir
Pathname.new(File.expand_path("..", bundle_dir))
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 221
def ruby_scope
"#{Bundler.rubygems.ruby_engine}/#{RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"]}"
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 328
def settings
@settings ||= Settings.new(app_config_path)
rescue GemfileNotFound
@settings = Settings.new(Pathname.new(".bundle").expand_path)
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 139
def setup(*groups)
# Return if all groups are already loaded
return @setup if defined?(@setup) && @setup
definition.validate_runtime!
SharedHelpers.print_major_deprecations!
if groups.empty?
# Load all groups, but only once
@setup = load.setup
else
load.setup(*groups)
end
end Turns on the Bundler runtime. After Bundler.setup call, all load or require of the gems would be allowed only if they are part of the Gemfile or Ruby's standard library. If the versions specified in Gemfile, only those versions would be loaded.
Assuming Gemfile
gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0' group :test do gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0' end
The code using Bundler.setup works as follows:
require 'third_gem' # allowed, required from global gems require 'first_gem' # allowed, loads the last installed version Bundler.setup require 'fourth_gem' # fails with LoadError require 'second_gem' # loads exactly version 1.0
Bundler.setup can be called only once, all subsequent calls are no-op.
If groups list is provided, only gems from specified groups would be allowed (gems specified outside groups belong to special :default group).
To require all gems from Gemfile (or only some groups), see Bundler.require.
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 278
def specs_path
bundle_path.join("specifications")
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 528
def sudo(str)
SUDO_MUTEX.synchronize do
prompt = "\n\n" + <<-PROMPT.gsub(/^ {6}/, "").strip + " "
Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
You can cancel this installation and run:
bundle config set --local path 'vendor/bundle'
bundle install
to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.
Password:
PROMPT
unless @prompted_for_sudo ||= system(%(sudo -k -p "#{prompt}" true))
raise SudoNotPermittedError,
"Bundler requires sudo access to install at the moment. " \
"Try installing again, granting Bundler sudo access when prompted, or installing into a different path."
end
`sudo -p "#{prompt}" #{str}`
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 460 def system_bindir # Gem.bindir doesn't always return the location that RubyGems will install # system binaries. If you put '-n foo' in your .gemrc, RubyGems will # install binstubs there instead. Unfortunately, RubyGems doesn't expose # that directory at all, so rather than parse .gemrc ourselves, we allow # the directory to be set as well, via `bundle config set --local bindir foo`. Bundler.settings[:system_bindir] || Bundler.rubygems.gem_bindir end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 311 def tmp(name = Process.pid.to_s) Kernel.send(:require, "tmpdir") Pathname.new(Dir.mktmpdir(["bundler", name])) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 84 def ui (defined?(@ui) && @ui) || (self.ui = UI::Shell.new) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 88 def ui=(ui) Bundler.rubygems.ui = UI::RGProxy.new(ui) @ui = ui end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 352
def unbundled_env
env = original_env
if env.key?("BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH")
env["MANPATH"] = env["BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH"]
end
env.delete_if {|k, _| k[0, 7] == "BUNDLE_" }
if env.key?("RUBYOPT")
rubyopt = env["RUBYOPT"].split(" ")
rubyopt.delete("-r#{File.expand_path("bundler/setup", __dir__)}")
rubyopt.delete("-rbundler/setup")
env["RUBYOPT"] = rubyopt.join(" ")
end
if env.key?("RUBYLIB")
rubylib = env["RUBYLIB"].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
rubylib.delete(File.expand_path("..", __FILE__))
env["RUBYLIB"] = rubylib.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
end
env
end @return [Hash] Environment with all bundler-related variables removed
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 439
def unbundled_exec(*args)
with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end Run a `Kernel.exec` to a subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 417
def unbundled_system(*args)
with_unbundled_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
end Run subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 473 def use_system_gems? configured_bundle_path.use_system_gems? end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 248
def user_bundle_path(dir = "home")
env_var, fallback = case dir
when "home"
["BUNDLE_USER_HOME", proc { Pathname.new(user_home).join(".bundle") }]
when "cache"
["BUNDLE_USER_CACHE", proc { user_bundle_path.join("cache") }]
when "config"
["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG", proc { user_bundle_path.join("config") }]
when "plugin"
["BUNDLE_USER_PLUGIN", proc { user_bundle_path.join("plugin") }]
else
raise BundlerError, "Unknown user path requested: #{dir}"
end
# `fallback` will already be a Pathname, but Pathname.new() is
# idempotent so it's OK
Pathname.new(ENV.fetch(env_var, &fallback))
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 266
def user_cache
user_bundle_path("cache")
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 225
def user_home
@user_home ||= begin
home = Bundler.rubygems.user_home
bundle_home = home ? File.join(home, ".bundle") : nil
warning = if home.nil?
"Your home directory is not set."
elsif !File.directory?(home)
"`#{home}` is not a directory."
elsif !File.writable?(home) && (!File.directory?(bundle_home) || !File.writable?(bundle_home))
"`#{home}` is not writable."
end
if warning
user_home = tmp_home_path(warning)
Bundler.ui.warn "#{warning}\nBundler will use `#{user_home}' as your home directory temporarily.\n"
user_home
else
Pathname.new(home)
end
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 515
def which(executable)
if File.file?(executable) && File.executable?(executable)
executable
elsif paths = ENV["PATH"]
quote = '"'.freeze
paths.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).find do |path|
path = path[1..-2] if path.start_with?(quote) && path.end_with?(quote)
executable_path = File.expand_path(executable, path)
return executable_path if File.file?(executable_path) && File.executable?(executable_path)
end
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 383
def with_clean_env
Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
2,
"`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " \
"If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`",
:print_caller_location => true
)
with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
end @deprecated Use `with_unbundled_env` instead
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 378
def with_original_env
with_env(original_env) { yield }
end Run block with environment present before Bundler was activated
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 395
def with_unbundled_env
with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
end Run block with all bundler-related variables removed
Private Class Methods
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 682 def configure_gem_home Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "GEM_HOME", File.expand_path(bundle_path, root) Bundler.rubygems.clear_paths end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 662 def configure_gem_home_and_path configure_gem_path configure_gem_home bundle_path end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 668
def configure_gem_path(env = ENV)
blank_home = env["GEM_HOME"].nil? || env["GEM_HOME"].empty?
if !use_system_gems?
# this needs to be empty string to cause
# PathSupport.split_gem_path to only load up the
# Bundler --path setting as the GEM_PATH.
env["GEM_PATH"] = ""
elsif blank_home
possibles = [Bundler.rubygems.gem_dir, Bundler.rubygems.gem_path]
paths = possibles.flatten.compact.uniq.reject(&:empty?)
env["GEM_PATH"] = paths.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
end
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 650
def eval_gemspec(path, contents)
eval(contents, TOPLEVEL_BINDING.dup, path.expand_path.to_s)
rescue ScriptError, StandardError => e
msg = "There was an error while loading `#{path.basename}`: #{e.message}"
if e.is_a?(LoadError)
msg += "\nDoes it try to require a relative path? That's been removed in Ruby 1.9"
end
raise GemspecError, Dsl::DSLError.new(msg, path, e.backtrace, contents)
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 640 def eval_yaml_gemspec(path, contents) require_relative "bundler/psyched_yaml" # If the YAML is invalid, Syck raises an ArgumentError, and Psych # raises a Psych::SyntaxError. See psyched_yaml.rb for more info. Gem::Specification.from_yaml(contents) rescue YamlLibrarySyntaxError, ArgumentError, Gem::EndOfYAMLException, Gem::Exception eval_gemspec(path, contents) end
# File lib/bundler.rb, line 687
def tmp_home_path(warning)
Kernel.send(:require, "tmpdir")
SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(Dir.tmpdir) do
path = Bundler.tmp
at_exit { Bundler.rm_rf(path) }
path
end
rescue RuntimeError => e
raise e.exception("#{warning}\nBundler also failed to create a temporary home directory':\n#{e}")
end # File lib/bundler.rb, line 699 def with_env(env) backup = ENV.to_hash ENV.replace(env) yield ensure ENV.replace(backup) end
@param env [Hash]
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Licensed under the Ruby License.
Ruby Standard Library © contributors
Licensed under their own licenses.