Data.IntSet.Internal
Copyright | (c) Daan Leijen 2002 (c) Joachim Breitner 2011 |
---|---|
License | BSD-style |
Maintainer | [email protected] |
Portability | portable |
Safe Haskell | Trustworthy |
Language | Haskell98 |
Description
WARNING
This module is considered internal.
The Package Versioning Policy does not apply.
The contents of this module may change in any way whatsoever and without any warning between minor versions of this package.
Authors importing this module are expected to track development closely.
Description
An efficient implementation of integer sets.
These modules are intended to be imported qualified, to avoid name clashes with Prelude functions, e.g.
import Data.IntSet (IntSet) import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet
The implementation is based on big-endian patricia trees. This data structure performs especially well on binary operations like union
and intersection
. However, my benchmarks show that it is also (much) faster on insertions and deletions when compared to a generic size-balanced set implementation (see Data.Set).
- Chris Okasaki and Andy Gill, "Fast Mergeable Integer Maps", Workshop on ML, September 1998, pages 77-86, http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/okasaki98fast.html
- D.R. Morrison, "/PATRICIA -- Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded In Alphanumeric/", Journal of the ACM, 15(4), October 1968, pages 514-534.
Additionally, this implementation places bitmaps in the leaves of the tree. Their size is the natural size of a machine word (32 or 64 bits) and greatly reduce memory footprint and execution times for dense sets, e.g. sets where it is likely that many values lie close to each other. The asymptotics are not affected by this optimization.
Many operations have a worst-case complexity of O(min(n,W)). This means that the operation can become linear in the number of elements with a maximum of W -- the number of bits in an Int
(32 or 64).
Since: containers-0.5.9
Set type
A set of integers.
Instances
IsList IntSet | Since: containers-0.5.6.2 |
Eq IntSet | |
Data IntSet | |
Defined in Data.IntSet.Internal Methodsgfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> IntSet -> c IntSet Source gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c IntSet Source toConstr :: IntSet -> Constr Source dataTypeOf :: IntSet -> DataType Source dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c IntSet) Source dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c IntSet) Source gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> IntSet -> IntSet Source gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> IntSet -> r Source gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> IntSet -> r Source gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> IntSet -> [u] Source gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> IntSet -> u Source gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> IntSet -> m IntSet Source gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> IntSet -> m IntSet Source gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> IntSet -> m IntSet Source | |
Ord IntSet | |
Read IntSet | |
Show IntSet | |
Semigroup IntSet | Since: containers-0.5.7 |
Monoid IntSet | |
NFData IntSet | |
Defined in Data.IntSet.Internal | |
type Item IntSet | |
Defined in Data.IntSet.Internal |
Operators
(\\) :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet infixl 9 Source
O(n+m). See difference
.
Query
O(1). Is the set empty?
O(n). Cardinality of the set.
member :: Key -> IntSet -> Bool Source
O(min(n,W)). Is the value a member of the set?
notMember :: Key -> IntSet -> Bool Source
O(min(n,W)). Is the element not in the set?
lookupLT :: Key -> IntSet -> Maybe Key Source
O(log n). Find largest element smaller than the given one.
lookupLT 3 (fromList [3, 5]) == Nothing lookupLT 5 (fromList [3, 5]) == Just 3
lookupGT :: Key -> IntSet -> Maybe Key Source
O(log n). Find smallest element greater than the given one.
lookupGT 4 (fromList [3, 5]) == Just 5 lookupGT 5 (fromList [3, 5]) == Nothing
lookupLE :: Key -> IntSet -> Maybe Key Source
O(log n). Find largest element smaller or equal to the given one.
lookupLE 2 (fromList [3, 5]) == Nothing lookupLE 4 (fromList [3, 5]) == Just 3 lookupLE 5 (fromList [3, 5]) == Just 5
lookupGE :: Key -> IntSet -> Maybe Key Source
O(log n). Find smallest element greater or equal to the given one.
lookupGE 3 (fromList [3, 5]) == Just 3 lookupGE 4 (fromList [3, 5]) == Just 5 lookupGE 6 (fromList [3, 5]) == Nothing
isSubsetOf :: IntSet -> IntSet -> Bool Source
O(n+m). Is this a subset? (s1 `isSubsetOf` s2)
tells whether s1
is a subset of s2
.
isProperSubsetOf :: IntSet -> IntSet -> Bool Source
O(n+m). Is this a proper subset? (ie. a subset but not equal).
disjoint :: IntSet -> IntSet -> Bool Source
O(n+m). Check whether two sets are disjoint (i.e. their intersection is empty).
disjoint (fromList [2,4,6]) (fromList [1,3]) == True disjoint (fromList [2,4,6,8]) (fromList [2,3,5,7]) == False disjoint (fromList [1,2]) (fromList [1,2,3,4]) == False disjoint (fromList []) (fromList []) == True
Since: containers-0.5.11
Construction
O(1). The empty set.
singleton :: Key -> IntSet Source
O(1). A set of one element.
insert :: Key -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(min(n,W)). Add a value to the set. There is no left- or right bias for IntSets.
delete :: Key -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(min(n,W)). Delete a value in the set. Returns the original set when the value was not present.
Combine
union :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(n+m). The union of two sets.
unions :: Foldable f => f IntSet -> IntSet Source
The union of a list of sets.
difference :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(n+m). Difference between two sets.
intersection :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(n+m). The intersection of two sets.
Filter
filter :: (Key -> Bool) -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(n). Filter all elements that satisfy some predicate.
partition :: (Key -> Bool) -> IntSet -> (IntSet, IntSet) Source
O(n). partition the set according to some predicate.
split :: Key -> IntSet -> (IntSet, IntSet) Source
O(min(n,W)). The expression (split x set
) is a pair (set1,set2)
where set1
comprises the elements of set
less than x
and set2
comprises the elements of set
greater than x
.
split 3 (fromList [1..5]) == (fromList [1,2], fromList [4,5])
splitMember :: Key -> IntSet -> (IntSet, Bool, IntSet) Source
O(min(n,W)). Performs a split
but also returns whether the pivot element was found in the original set.
splitRoot :: IntSet -> [IntSet] Source
O(1). Decompose a set into pieces based on the structure of the underlying tree. This function is useful for consuming a set in parallel.
No guarantee is made as to the sizes of the pieces; an internal, but deterministic process determines this. However, it is guaranteed that the pieces returned will be in ascending order (all elements in the first submap less than all elements in the second, and so on).
Examples:
splitRoot (fromList [1..120]) == [fromList [1..63],fromList [64..120]] splitRoot empty == []
Note that the current implementation does not return more than two subsets, but you should not depend on this behaviour because it can change in the future without notice. Also, the current version does not continue splitting all the way to individual singleton sets -- it stops at some point.
Map
map :: (Key -> Key) -> IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(n*min(n,W)). map f s
is the set obtained by applying f
to each element of s
.
It's worth noting that the size of the result may be smaller if, for some (x,y)
, x /= y && f x == f y
Folds
foldr :: (Key -> b -> b) -> b -> IntSet -> b Source
O(n). Fold the elements in the set using the given right-associative binary operator, such that foldr f z == foldr f z . toAscList
.
For example,
toAscList set = foldr (:) [] set
foldl :: (a -> Key -> a) -> a -> IntSet -> a Source
O(n). Fold the elements in the set using the given left-associative binary operator, such that foldl f z == foldl f z . toAscList
.
For example,
toDescList set = foldl (flip (:)) [] set
Strict folds
foldr' :: (Key -> b -> b) -> b -> IntSet -> b Source
O(n). A strict version of foldr
. Each application of the operator is evaluated before using the result in the next application. This function is strict in the starting value.
foldl' :: (a -> Key -> a) -> a -> IntSet -> a Source
O(n). A strict version of foldl
. Each application of the operator is evaluated before using the result in the next application. This function is strict in the starting value.
Legacy folds
fold :: (Key -> b -> b) -> b -> IntSet -> b Source
O(n). Fold the elements in the set using the given right-associative binary operator. This function is an equivalent of foldr
and is present for compatibility only.
Please note that fold will be deprecated in the future and removed.
Min/Max
findMin :: IntSet -> Key Source
O(min(n,W)). The minimal element of the set.
findMax :: IntSet -> Key Source
O(min(n,W)). The maximal element of a set.
deleteMin :: IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(min(n,W)). Delete the minimal element. Returns an empty set if the set is empty.
Note that this is a change of behaviour for consistency with Set
– versions prior to 0.5 threw an error if the IntSet
was already empty.
deleteMax :: IntSet -> IntSet Source
O(min(n,W)). Delete the maximal element. Returns an empty set if the set is empty.
Note that this is a change of behaviour for consistency with Set
– versions prior to 0.5 threw an error if the IntSet
was already empty.
deleteFindMin :: IntSet -> (Key, IntSet) Source
O(min(n,W)). Delete and find the minimal element.
deleteFindMin set = (findMin set, deleteMin set)
deleteFindMax :: IntSet -> (Key, IntSet) Source
O(min(n,W)). Delete and find the maximal element.
deleteFindMax set = (findMax set, deleteMax set)
maxView :: IntSet -> Maybe (Key, IntSet) Source
O(min(n,W)). Retrieves the maximal key of the set, and the set stripped of that element, or Nothing
if passed an empty set.
minView :: IntSet -> Maybe (Key, IntSet) Source
O(min(n,W)). Retrieves the minimal key of the set, and the set stripped of that element, or Nothing
if passed an empty set.
Conversion
List
elems :: IntSet -> [Key] Source
O(n). An alias of toAscList
. The elements of a set in ascending order. Subject to list fusion.
toList :: IntSet -> [Key] Source
O(n). Convert the set to a list of elements. Subject to list fusion.
fromList :: [Key] -> IntSet Source
O(n*min(n,W)). Create a set from a list of integers.
Ordered list
toAscList :: IntSet -> [Key] Source
O(n). Convert the set to an ascending list of elements. Subject to list fusion.
toDescList :: IntSet -> [Key] Source
O(n). Convert the set to a descending list of elements. Subject to list fusion.
fromAscList :: [Key] -> IntSet Source
O(n). Build a set from an ascending list of elements. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
fromDistinctAscList :: [Key] -> IntSet Source
O(n). Build a set from an ascending list of distinct elements. The precondition (input list is strictly ascending) is not checked.
Debugging
showTree :: IntSet -> String Source
O(n). Show the tree that implements the set. The tree is shown in a compressed, hanging format.
showTreeWith :: Bool -> Bool -> IntSet -> String Source
O(n). The expression (showTreeWith hang wide map
) shows the tree that implements the set. If hang
is True
, a hanging tree is shown otherwise a rotated tree is shown. If wide
is True
, an extra wide version is shown.
Internals
match :: Int -> Prefix -> Mask -> Bool Source
© The University of Glasgow and others
Licensed under a BSD-style license (see top of the page).
https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghc/8.10.2/docs/html/libraries/containers-0.6.2.1/Data-IntSet-Internal.html