class ActiveModel::Errors

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 85
def initialize(base)
  @base = base
  @errors = []
end

Pass in the instance of the object that is using the errors object.

class Person
  def initialize
    @errors = ActiveModel::Errors.new(self)
  end
end

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 207
def [](attribute)
  DeprecationHandlingMessageArray.new(messages_for(attribute), self, attribute)
end

When passed a symbol or a name of a method, returns an array of errors for the method.

person.errors[:name]  # => ["cannot be nil"]
person.errors['name'] # => ["cannot be nil"]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 404
def add(attribute, type = :invalid, **options)
  attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
  error = Error.new(@base, attribute, type, **options)

  if exception = options[:strict]
    exception = ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed if exception == true
    raise exception, error.full_message
  end

  @errors.append(error)

  error
end

Adds a new error of type on attribute. More than one error can be added to the same attribute. If no type is supplied, :invalid is assumed.

person.errors.add(:name)
# Adds <#ActiveModel::Error attribute=name, type=invalid>
person.errors.add(:name, :not_implemented, message: "must be implemented")
# Adds <#ActiveModel::Error attribute=name, type=not_implemented,
                            options={:message=>"must be implemented"}>

person.errors.messages
# => {:name=>["is invalid", "must be implemented"]}

If type is a string, it will be used as error message.

If type is a symbol, it will be translated using the appropriate scope (see generate_message).

If type is a proc, it will be called, allowing for things like Time.now to be used within an error.

If the :strict option is set to true, it will raise ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed instead of adding the error. :strict option can also be set to any other exception.

person.errors.add(:name, :invalid, strict: true)
# => ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed: Name is invalid
person.errors.add(:name, :invalid, strict: NameIsInvalid)
# => NameIsInvalid: Name is invalid

person.errors.messages # => {}

attribute should be set to :base if the error is not directly associated with a single attribute.

person.errors.add(:base, :name_or_email_blank,
  message: "either name or email must be present")
person.errors.messages
# => {:base=>["either name or email must be present"]}
person.errors.details
# => {:base=>[{error: :name_or_email_blank}]}

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 434
def added?(attribute, type = :invalid, options = {})
  attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)

  if type.is_a? Symbol
    @errors.any? { |error|
      error.strict_match?(attribute, type, **options)
    }
  else
    messages_for(attribute).include?(type)
  end
end

Returns true if an error matches provided attribute and type, or false otherwise. type is treated the same as for add.

person.errors.add :name, :blank
person.errors.added? :name, :blank           # => true
person.errors.added? :name, "can't be blank" # => true

If the error requires options, then it returns true with the correct options, or false with incorrect or missing options.

person.errors.add :name, :too_long, { count: 25 }
person.errors.added? :name, :too_long, count: 25                     # => true
person.errors.added? :name, "is too long (maximum is 25 characters)" # => true
person.errors.added? :name, :too_long, count: 24                     # => false
person.errors.added? :name, :too_long                                # => false
person.errors.added? :name, "is too long"                            # => false

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 310
def as_json(options = nil)
  to_hash(options && options[:full_messages])
end

Returns a Hash that can be used as the JSON representation for this object. You can pass the :full_messages option. This determines if the json object should contain full messages or not (false by default).

person.errors.as_json                      # => {:name=>["cannot be nil"]}
person.errors.as_json(full_messages: true) # => {:name=>["name cannot be nil"]}

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 284
def attribute_names
  @errors.map(&:attribute).uniq.freeze
end

Returns all error attribute names

person.errors.messages        # => {:name=>["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]}
person.errors.attribute_names # => [:name]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 193
def delete(attribute, type = nil, **options)
  attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
  matches = where(attribute, type, **options)
  matches.each do |error|
    @errors.delete(error)
  end
  matches.map(&:message).presence
end

Delete messages for key. Returns the deleted messages.

person.errors[:name]        # => ["cannot be nil"]
person.errors.delete(:name) # => ["cannot be nil"]
person.errors[:name]        # => []

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 348
def details
  hash = group_by_attribute.transform_values do |errors|
    errors.map(&:details)
  end
  DeprecationHandlingDetailsHash.new(hash)
end

Returns a Hash of attributes with an array of their error details.

Updating this hash would still update errors state for backward compatibility, but this behavior is deprecated.

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 235
    def each(&block)
      if block.arity <= 1
        @errors.each(&block)
      else
        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
          Enumerating ActiveModel::Errors as a hash has been deprecated.
          In Rails 6.1, `errors` is an array of Error objects,
          therefore it should be accessed by a block with a single block
          parameter like this:

          person.errors.each do |error|
            attribute = error.attribute
            message = error.message
          end

          You are passing a block expecting two parameters,
          so the old hash behavior is simulated. As this is deprecated,
          this will result in an ArgumentError in Rails 6.2.
        MSG
        @errors.
          sort { |a, b| a.attribute <=> b.attribute }.
          each { |error| yield error.attribute, error.message }
      end
    end

Iterates through each error object.

person.errors.add(:name, :too_short, count: 2)
person.errors.each do |error|
  # Will yield <#ActiveModel::Error attribute=name, type=too_short,
                                    options={:count=>3}>
end

To be backward compatible with past deprecated hash-like behavior, when block accepts two parameters instead of one, it iterates through each error key, value pair in the error messages hash. Yields the attribute and the error for that attribute. If the attribute has more than one error message, yields once for each error message.

person.errors.add(:name, :blank, message: "can't be blank")
person.errors.each do |attribute, message|
  # Will yield :name and "can't be blank"
end

person.errors.add(:name, :not_specified, message: "must be specified")
person.errors.each do |attribute, message|
  # Will yield :name and "can't be blank"
  # then yield :name and "must be specified"
end

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 513
def full_message(attribute, message)
  Error.full_message(attribute, message, @base)
end

Returns a full message for a given attribute.

person.errors.full_message(:name, 'is invalid') # => "Name is invalid"

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 477
def full_messages
  @errors.map(&:full_message)
end

Returns all the full error messages in an array.

class Person
  validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
  validates_length_of :name, in: 5..30
end

person = Person.create(address: '123 First St.')
person.errors.full_messages
# => ["Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "Name can't be blank", "Email can't be blank"]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 492
def full_messages_for(attribute)
  where(attribute).map(&:full_message).freeze
end

Returns all the full error messages for a given attribute in an array.

class Person
  validates_presence_of :name, :email
  validates_length_of :name, in: 5..30
end

person = Person.create()
person.errors.full_messages_for(:name)
# => ["Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "Name can't be blank"]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 541
def generate_message(attribute, type = :invalid, options = {})
  Error.generate_message(attribute, type, @base, options)
end

Translates an error message in its default scope (activemodel.errors.messages).

Error messages are first looked up in activemodel.errors.models.MODEL.attributes.ATTRIBUTE.MESSAGE, if it's not there, it's looked up in activemodel.errors.models.MODEL.MESSAGE and if that is not there also, it returns the translation of the default message (e.g. activemodel.errors.messages.MESSAGE). The translated model name, translated attribute name and the value are available for interpolation.

When using inheritance in your models, it will check all the inherited models too, but only if the model itself hasn't been found. Say you have class Admin < User; end and you wanted the translation for the :blank error message for the title attribute, it looks for these translations:

• activemodel.errors.models.admin.attributes.title.blank

• activemodel.errors.models.admin.blank

• activemodel.errors.models.user.attributes.title.blank

• activemodel.errors.models.user.blank

• any default you provided through the options hash (in the activemodel.errors scope)

• activemodel.errors.messages.blank

• errors.attributes.title.blank

• errors.messages.blank

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 359
def group_by_attribute
  @errors.group_by(&:attribute)
end

Returns a Hash of attributes with an array of their Error objects.

person.errors.group_by_attribute
# => {:name=>[<#ActiveModel::Error>, <#ActiveModel::Error>]}

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 118
def import(error, override_options = {})
  [:attribute, :type].each do |key|
    if override_options.key?(key)
      override_options[key] = override_options[key].to_sym
    end
  end
  @errors.append(NestedError.new(@base, error, override_options))
end

Imports one error Imported errors are wrapped as a NestedError, providing access to original error object. If attribute or type needs to be overridden, use `override_options`.

override_options - Hash @option override_options [Symbol] :attribute Override the attribute the error belongs to @option override_options [Symbol] :type Override type of the error.

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 180
def include?(attribute)
  @errors.any? { |error|
    error.match?(attribute.to_sym)
  }
end

Returns true if the error messages include an error for the given key attribute, false otherwise.

person.errors.messages        # => {:name=>["cannot be nil"]}
person.errors.include?(:name) # => true
person.errors.include?(:age)  # => false

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 273
def keys
  deprecation_removal_warning(:keys, "errors.attribute_names")
  keys = @errors.map(&:attribute)
  keys.uniq!
  keys.freeze
end

Returns all message keys.

person.errors.messages # => {:name=>["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]}
person.errors.keys     # => [:name]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 135
def merge!(other)
  other.errors.each { |error|
    import(error)
  }
end

Merges the errors from other, each Error wrapped as NestedError.

other - The ActiveModel::Errors instance.

Examples

person.errors.merge!(other)

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 340
def messages
  DeprecationHandlingMessageHash.new(self)
end

Returns a Hash of attributes with an array of their error messages.

Updating this hash would still update errors state for backward compatibility, but this behavior is deprecated.

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 506
def messages_for(attribute)
  where(attribute).map(&:message)
end

Returns all the error messages for a given attribute in an array.

class Person
  validates_presence_of :name, :email
  validates_length_of :name, in: 5..30
end

person = Person.create()
person.errors.messages_for(:name)
# => ["is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "can't be blank"]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 457
def of_kind?(attribute, type = :invalid)
  attribute, type = normalize_arguments(attribute, type)

  if type.is_a? Symbol
    !where(attribute, type).empty?
  else
    messages_for(attribute).include?(type)
  end
end

Returns true if an error on the attribute with the given type is present, or false otherwise. type is treated the same as for add.

person.errors.add :age
person.errors.add :name, :too_long, { count: 25 }
person.errors.of_kind? :age                                            # => true
person.errors.of_kind? :name                                           # => false
person.errors.of_kind? :name, :too_long                                # => true
person.errors.of_kind? :name, "is too long (maximum is 25 characters)" # => true
person.errors.of_kind? :name, :not_too_long                            # => false
person.errors.of_kind? :name, "is too long"                            # => false

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 146
def slice!(*keys)
  deprecation_removal_warning(:slice!)

  keys = keys.map(&:to_sym)

  results = messages.dup.slice!(*keys)

  @errors.keep_if do |error|
    keys.include?(error.attribute)
  end

  results
end

Removes all errors except the given keys. Returns a hash containing the removed errors.

person.errors.keys                  # => [:name, :age, :gender, :city]
person.errors.slice!(:age, :gender) # => { :name=>["cannot be nil"], :city=>["cannot be nil"] }
person.errors.keys                  # => [:age, :gender]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 319
def to_hash(full_messages = false)
  message_method = full_messages ? :full_message : :message
  group_by_attribute.transform_values do |errors|
    errors.map(&message_method)
  end
end

Returns a Hash of attributes with their error messages. If full_messages is true, it will contain full messages (see full_message).

person.errors.to_hash       # => {:name=>["cannot be nil"]}
person.errors.to_hash(true) # => {:name=>["name cannot be nil"]}

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 299
def to_xml(options = {})
  deprecation_removal_warning(:to_xml)
  to_a.to_xml({ root: "errors", skip_types: true }.merge!(options))
end

Returns an xml formatted representation of the Errors hash.

person.errors.add(:name, :blank, message: "can't be blank")
person.errors.add(:name, :not_specified, message: "must be specified")
person.errors.to_xml
# =>
#  <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
#  <errors>
#    <error>name can't be blank</error>
#    <error>name must be specified</error>
#  </errors>

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 264
def values
  deprecation_removal_warning(:values, "errors.map { |error| error.message }")
  @errors.map(&:message).freeze
end

Returns all message values.

person.errors.messages # => {:name=>["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]}
person.errors.values   # => [["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]]

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/errors.rb, line 167
def where(attribute, type = nil, **options)
  attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
  @errors.select { |error|
    error.match?(attribute, type, **options)
  }
end

Search for errors matching attribute, type or options.

Only supplied params will be matched.

person.errors.where(:name) # => all name errors.
person.errors.where(:name, :too_short) # => all name errors being too short
person.errors.where(:name, :too_short, minimum: 2) # => all name errors being too short and minimum is 2