std.socket

Socket primitives.

Example

See /dmd/samples/d/listener.d and /dmd/samples/d/htmlget.d

License:

Boost License 1.0.

Authors:

Christopher E. Miller, David Nadlinger, Vladimir Panteleev

Source

std/socket.d

class SocketException: object.Exception;

Base exception thrown by std.socket.

@property @safe string lastSocketError();

Retrieve the error message for the most recently encountered network error.

class SocketOSException: std.socket.SocketException;

Socket exceptions representing network errors reported by the operating system.

int errorCode;

Platform-specific error code.

@safe this(string msg, string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__, Throwable next = null, int err = _lasterr(), string function(int) @trusted errorFormatter = &formatSocketError);

@safe this(string msg, Throwable next, string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__, int err = _lasterr(), string function(int) @trusted errorFormatter = &formatSocketError);

@safe this(string msg, int err, string function(int) @trusted errorFormatter = &formatSocketError, string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__, Throwable next = null);

class SocketParameterException: std.socket.SocketException;

Socket exceptions representing invalid parameters specified by user code.

class SocketFeatureException: std.socket.SocketException;

Socket exceptions representing attempts to use network capabilities not available on the current system.

nothrow @nogc @safe bool wouldHaveBlocked();

Returns:

true if the last socket operation failed because the socket was in non-blocking mode and the operation would have blocked, or if the socket is in blocking mode and set a SNDTIMEO or RCVTIMEO, and the operation timed out.

enum AddressFamily: ushort;

The communication domain used to resolve an address.

UNSPEC

Unspecified address family

UNIX

Local communication

INET

Internet Protocol version 4

IPX

Novell IPX

APPLETALK

AppleTalk

INET6

Internet Protocol version 6

enum SocketType: int;

Communication semantics

STREAM

Sequenced, reliable, two-way communication-based byte streams

DGRAM

Connectionless, unreliable datagrams with a fixed maximum length; data may be lost or arrive out of order

RAW

Raw protocol access

RDM

Reliably-delivered message datagrams

SEQPACKET

Sequenced, reliable, two-way connection-based datagrams with a fixed maximum length

enum ProtocolType: int;

Protocol

IP

Internet Protocol version 4

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol

GGP

Gateway to Gateway Protocol

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

PUP

PARC Universal Packet Protocol

UDP

User Datagram Protocol

IDP

Xerox NS protocol

RAW

Raw IP packets

IPV6

Internet Protocol version 6

class Protocol;

Protocol is a class for retrieving protocol information.

Example

auto proto = new Protocol;
writeln("About protocol TCP:");
if (proto.getProtocolByType(ProtocolType.TCP))
{
    writefln("  Name: %s", proto.name);
    foreach (string s; proto.aliases)
         writefln("  Alias: %s", s);
}
else
    writeln("  No information found");

ProtocolType type;

string name;

string[] aliases;

These members are populated when one of the following functions are called successfully:

nothrow @trusted bool getProtocolByName(scope const(char)[] name);

Returns:

false on failure

nothrow @trusted bool getProtocolByType(ProtocolType type);

Returns:

false on failure

class Service;

Service is a class for retrieving service information.

Example

auto serv = new Service;
writeln("About service epmap:");
if (serv.getServiceByName("epmap", "tcp"))
{
    writefln("  Service: %s", serv.name);
    writefln("  Port: %d", serv.port);
    writefln("  Protocol: %s", serv.protocolName);
    foreach (string s; serv.aliases)
         writefln("  Alias: %s", s);
}
else
    writefln("  No service for epmap.");

string name;

string[] aliases;

ushort port;

string protocolName;

These members are populated when one of the following functions are called successfully:

nothrow @trusted bool getServiceByName(scope const(char)[] name, scope const(char)[] protocolName = null);

nothrow @trusted bool getServiceByPort(ushort port, scope const(char)[] protocolName = null);

If a protocol name is omitted, any protocol will be matched.

Returns:

false on failure.

class HostException: std.socket.SocketOSException;

Class for exceptions thrown from an InternetHost.

class InternetHost;

InternetHost is a class for resolving IPv4 addresses.

Consider using getAddress, parseAddress and Address methods instead of using this class directly.

Examples:

InternetHost ih = new InternetHost;

ih.getHostByAddr(0x7F_00_00_01);
writeln(ih.addrList[0]); // 0x7F_00_00_01
ih.getHostByAddr("127.0.0.1");
writeln(ih.addrList[0]); // 0x7F_00_00_01

if (!ih.getHostByName("www.digitalmars.com"))
    return;             // don't fail if not connected to internet

assert(ih.addrList.length);
InternetAddress ia = new InternetAddress(ih.addrList[0], InternetAddress.PORT_ANY);
assert(ih.name == "www.digitalmars.com" || ih.name == "digitalmars.com",
        ih.name);

assert(ih.getHostByAddr(ih.addrList[0]));
string getHostNameFromInt = ih.name.dup;

assert(ih.getHostByAddr(ia.toAddrString()));
string getHostNameFromStr = ih.name.dup;

writeln(getHostNameFromInt); // getHostNameFromStr

string name;

string[] aliases;

uint[] addrList;

These members are populated when one of the following functions are called successfully:

@trusted bool getHostByName(scope const(char)[] name);

Resolve host name.

Returns:

false if unable to resolve.

@trusted bool getHostByAddr(uint addr);

Resolve IPv4 address number.

Parameters:

uint addr

The IPv4 address to resolve, in host byte order.

Returns:

false if unable to resolve.

@trusted bool getHostByAddr(scope const(char)[] addr);

Same as previous, but addr is an IPv4 address string in the dotted-decimal form a.b.c.d.

Returns:

false if unable to resolve.

struct AddressInfo;

Holds information about a socket address retrieved by getAddressInfo.

AddressFamily family;

Address family

SocketType type;

Socket type

ProtocolType protocol;

Protocol

Address address;

Socket address

string canonicalName;

Canonical name, when AddressInfoFlags.CANONNAME is used.

enum AddressInfoFlags: int;

A subset of flags supported on all platforms with getaddrinfo. Specifies option flags for getAddressInfo.

PASSIVE

The resulting addresses will be used in a call to Socket.bind.

CANONNAME

The canonical name is returned in canonicalName member in the first AddressInfo.

NUMERICHOST

The node parameter passed to getAddressInfo must be a numeric string. This will suppress any potentially lengthy network host address lookups.

AddressInfo[] getAddressInfo(T...)(scope const(char)[] node, scope T options);

Provides protocol-independent translation from host names to socket addresses. If advanced functionality is not required, consider using getAddress for compatibility with older systems.

Returns:

Array with one AddressInfo per socket address.

Throws:

SocketOSException on failure, or SocketFeatureException if this functionality is not available on the current system.

Parameters:

const(char)[] node	string containing host name or numeric address
T options	optional additional parameters, identified by type: string - service name or port number AddressInfoFlags - option flags AddressFamily - address family to filter by SocketType - socket type to filter by ProtocolType - protocol to filter by

Example

// Roundtrip DNS resolution
auto results = getAddressInfo("www.digitalmars.com");
assert(results[0].address.toHostNameString() ==
    "digitalmars.com");

// Canonical name
results = getAddressInfo("www.digitalmars.com",
    AddressInfoFlags.CANONNAME);
assert(results[0].canonicalName == "digitalmars.com");

// IPv6 resolution
results = getAddressInfo("ipv6.google.com");
assert(results[0].family == AddressFamily.INET6);

// Multihomed resolution
results = getAddressInfo("google.com");
assert(results.length > 1);

// Parsing IPv4
results = getAddressInfo("127.0.0.1",
    AddressInfoFlags.NUMERICHOST);
assert(results.length && results[0].family ==
    AddressFamily.INET);

// Parsing IPv6
results = getAddressInfo("::1",
    AddressInfoFlags.NUMERICHOST);
assert(results.length && results[0].family ==
    AddressFamily.INET6);

@safe Address[] getAddress(scope const(char)[] hostname, scope const(char)[] service = null);

@safe Address[] getAddress(scope const(char)[] hostname, ushort port);

Provides protocol-independent translation from host names to socket addresses. Uses getAddressInfo if the current system supports it, and InternetHost otherwise.

Returns:

Array with one Address instance per socket address.

Throws:

SocketOSException on failure.

Example

writeln("Resolving www.digitalmars.com:");
try
{
    auto addresses = getAddress("www.digitalmars.com");
    foreach (address; addresses)
        writefln("  IP: %s", address.toAddrString());
}
catch (SocketException e)
    writefln("  Lookup failed: %s", e.msg);

@safe Address parseAddress(scope const(char)[] hostaddr, scope const(char)[] service = null);

@safe Address parseAddress(scope const(char)[] hostaddr, ushort port);

Provides protocol-independent parsing of network addresses. Does not attempt name resolution. Uses getAddressInfo with AddressInfoFlags.NUMERICHOST if the current system supports it, and InternetAddress otherwise.

Returns:

An Address instance representing specified address.

Throws:

SocketException on failure.

Example

writeln("Enter IP address:");
string ip = readln().chomp();
try
{
    Address address = parseAddress(ip);
    writefln("Looking up reverse of %s:",
        address.toAddrString());
    try
    {
        string reverse = address.toHostNameString();
        if (reverse)
            writefln("  Reverse name: %s", reverse);
        else
            writeln("  Reverse hostname not found.");
    }
    catch (SocketException e)
        writefln("  Lookup error: %s", e.msg);
}
catch (SocketException e)
{
    writefln("  %s is not a valid IP address: %s",
        ip, e.msg);
}

class AddressException: std.socket.SocketOSException;

Class for exceptions thrown from an Address.

abstract class Address;

Address is an abstract class for representing a socket addresses.

Example

writeln("About www.google.com port 80:");
try
{
    Address[] addresses = getAddress("www.google.com", 80);
    writefln("  %d addresses found.", addresses.length);
    foreach (int i, Address a; addresses)
    {
        writefln("  Address %d:", i+1);
        writefln("    IP address: %s", a.toAddrString());
        writefln("    Hostname: %s", a.toHostNameString());
        writefln("    Port: %s", a.toPortString());
        writefln("    Service name: %s",
            a.toServiceNameString());
    }
}
catch (SocketException e)
    writefln("  Lookup error: %s", e.msg);

abstract pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe sockaddr* name();

abstract const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe const(sockaddr)* name();

Returns pointer to underlying sockaddr structure.

abstract const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe socklen_t nameLen();

Returns actual size of underlying sockaddr structure.

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe AddressFamily addressFamily();

Family of this address.

const @safe string toAddrString();

Attempts to retrieve the host address as a human-readable string.

Throws:

AddressException on failure, or SocketFeatureException if address retrieval for this address family is not available on the current system.

const @safe string toHostNameString();

Attempts to retrieve the host name as a fully qualified domain name.

Returns:

The FQDN corresponding to this Address, or null if the host name did not resolve.

Throws:

AddressException on error, or SocketFeatureException if host name lookup for this address family is not available on the current system.

const @safe string toPortString();

Attempts to retrieve the numeric port number as a string.

Throws:

AddressException on failure, or SocketFeatureException if port number retrieval for this address family is not available on the current system.

const @safe string toServiceNameString();

Attempts to retrieve the service name as a string.

Throws:

AddressException on failure, or SocketFeatureException if service name lookup for this address family is not available on the current system.

const @safe string toString();

Human readable string representing this address.

class UnknownAddress: std.socket.Address;

UnknownAddress encapsulates an unknown socket address.

class UnknownAddressReference: std.socket.Address;

UnknownAddressReference encapsulates a reference to an arbitrary socket address.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(sockaddr* sa, socklen_t len);

Constructs an Address with a reference to the specified sockaddr.

pure nothrow @system this(const(sockaddr)* sa, socklen_t len);

Constructs an Address with a copy of the specified sockaddr.

class InternetAddress: std.socket.Address;

InternetAddress encapsulates an IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) socket address.

Consider using getAddress, parseAddress and Address methods instead of using this class directly.

enum uint ADDR_ANY;

Any IPv4 host address.

enum uint ADDR_NONE;

An invalid IPv4 host address.

enum ushort PORT_ANY;

Any IPv4 port number.

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe ushort port();

Returns the IPv4 port number (in host byte order).

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe uint addr();

Returns the IPv4 address number (in host byte order).

@safe this(scope const(char)[] addr, ushort port);

Construct a new InternetAddress.

Parameters:

const(char)[] addr	an IPv4 address string in the dotted-decimal form a.b.c.d, or a host name which will be resolved using an InternetHost object.
ushort port	port number, may be PORT_ANY.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(uint addr, ushort port);

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(ushort port);

Construct a new InternetAddress.

Parameters:

uint addr	(optional) an IPv4 address in host byte order, may be ADDR_ANY.
ushort port	port number, may be PORT_ANY.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(sockaddr_in addr);

Construct a new InternetAddress.

Parameters:

sockaddr_in addr

A sockaddr_in as obtained from lower-level API calls such as getifaddrs.

const @trusted string toAddrString();

Human readable string representing the IPv4 address in dotted-decimal form.

const @safe string toPortString();

Human readable string representing the IPv4 port.

const @safe string toHostNameString();

Attempts to retrieve the host name as a fully qualified domain name.

Returns:

The FQDN corresponding to this InternetAddress, or null if the host name did not resolve.

Throws:

AddressException on error.

const @safe bool opEquals(Object o);

Compares with another InternetAddress of same type for equality

Returns:

true if the InternetAddresses share the same address and port number.

Examples:

auto addr1 = new InternetAddress("127.0.0.1", 80);
auto addr2 = new InternetAddress("127.0.0.2", 80);

writeln(addr1); // addr1
assert(addr1 != addr2);

static nothrow @trusted uint parse(scope const(char)[] addr);

Parse an IPv4 address string in the dotted-decimal form a.b.c.d and return the number.

Returns:

If the string is not a legitimate IPv4 address, ADDR_NONE is returned.

static nothrow @trusted string addrToString(uint addr);

Convert an IPv4 address number in host byte order to a human readable string representing the IPv4 address in dotted-decimal form.

class Internet6Address: std.socket.Address;

Internet6Address encapsulates an IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) socket address.

Consider using getAddress, parseAddress and Address methods instead of using this class directly.

static pure nothrow @nogc @property ref @safe const(ubyte)[16] ADDR_ANY();

Any IPv6 host address.

enum ushort PORT_ANY;

Any IPv6 port number.

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe ushort port();

Returns the IPv6 port number.

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe ubyte[16] addr();

Returns the IPv6 address.

@trusted this(scope const(char)[] addr, scope const(char)[] service = null);

Construct a new Internet6Address.

Parameters:

const(char)[] addr	an IPv6 host address string in the form described in RFC 2373, or a host name which will be resolved using getAddressInfo.
const(char)[] service	(optional) service name.

@safe this(scope const(char)[] addr, ushort port);

Construct a new Internet6Address.

Parameters:

const(char)[] addr	an IPv6 host address string in the form described in RFC 2373, or a host name which will be resolved using getAddressInfo.
ushort port	port number, may be PORT_ANY.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(ubyte[16] addr, ushort port);

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(ushort port);

Construct a new Internet6Address.

Parameters:

ubyte[16] addr	(optional) an IPv6 host address in host byte order, or ADDR_ANY.
ushort port	port number, may be PORT_ANY.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(sockaddr_in6 addr);

Construct a new Internet6Address.

Parameters:

sockaddr_in6 addr

A sockaddr_in6 as obtained from lower-level API calls such as getifaddrs.

static @trusted ubyte[16] parse(scope const(char)[] addr);

Parse an IPv6 host address string as described in RFC 2373, and return the address.

Throws:

SocketException on error.

class UnixAddress: std.socket.Address;

UnixAddress encapsulates an address for a Unix domain socket (AF_UNIX), i.e. a socket bound to a path name in the file system. Available only on supported systems.

Linux also supports an abstract address namespace, in which addresses are independent of the file system. A socket address is abstract iff path starts with a null byte ('\0'). Null bytes in other positions of an abstract address are allowed and have no special meaning.

Example

auto addr = new UnixAddress("/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket");
auto abstractAddr = new UnixAddress("\0/tmp/dbus-OtHLWmCLPR");

See Also:

UNIX(7)

@safe this(scope const(char)[] path);

Construct a new UnixAddress from the specified path.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(sockaddr_un addr);

Construct a new UnixAddress.

Parameters:

sockaddr_un addr

A sockaddr_un as obtained from lower-level API calls.

const @property @safe string path();

const @safe string toString();

Get the underlying path.

class SocketAcceptException: std.socket.SocketOSException;

Class for exceptions thrown by Socket.accept.

enum SocketShutdown: int;

How a socket is shutdown:

RECEIVE

socket receives are disallowed

SEND

socket sends are disallowed

BOTH

both RECEIVE and SEND

enum SocketFlags: int;

Flags may be OR'ed together:

NONE

no flags specified

OOB

out-of-band stream data

PEEK

peek at incoming data without removing it from the queue, only for receiving

DONTROUTE

data should not be subject to routing; this flag may be ignored. Only for sending

struct TimeVal;

Duration timeout value.

tv_sec_t seconds;

Number of seconds.

tv_usec_t microseconds;

Number of additional microseconds.

class SocketSet;

A collection of sockets for use with Socket.select.

SocketSet wraps the platform fd_set type. However, unlike fd_set, SocketSet is not statically limited to FD_SETSIZE or any other limit, and grows as needed.

pure nothrow @safe this(size_t size = FD_SETSIZE);

Create a SocketSet with a specific initial capacity (defaults to FD_SETSIZE, the system's default capacity).

pure nothrow @nogc @safe void reset();

Reset the SocketSet so that there are 0 Sockets in the collection.

pure nothrow @safe void add(Socket s);

Add a Socket to the collection. The socket must not already be in the collection.

pure nothrow @safe void remove(Socket s);

Remove this Socket from the collection. Does nothing if the socket is not in the collection already.

const pure nothrow @nogc @safe int isSet(Socket s);

Return nonzero if this Socket is in the collection.

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe uint max();

Returns:

The current capacity of this SocketSet. The exact meaning of the return value varies from platform to platform.

Note

Since D 2.065, this value does not indicate a restriction, and SocketSet will grow its capacity as needed automatically.

enum SocketOptionLevel: int;

The level at which a socket option is defined:

SOCKET

Socket level

IP

Internet Protocol version 4 level

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol level

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol level

GGP

Gateway to Gateway Protocol level

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol level

PUP

PARC Universal Packet Protocol level

UDP

User Datagram Protocol level

IDP

Xerox NS protocol level

RAW

Raw IP packet level

IPV6

Internet Protocol version 6 level

struct Linger;

Linger information for use with SocketOption.LINGER.

l_onoff_t on;

Nonzero for on.

l_linger_t time;

Linger time.

enum SocketOption: int;

Specifies a socket option:

DEBUG

Record debugging information

BROADCAST

Allow transmission of broadcast messages

REUSEADDR

Allow local reuse of address

LINGER

Linger on close if unsent data is present

OOBINLINE

Receive out-of-band data in band

SNDBUF

Send buffer size

RCVBUF

Receive buffer size

DONTROUTE

Do not route

SNDTIMEO

Send timeout

RCVTIMEO

Receive timeout

ERROR

Retrieve and clear error status

KEEPALIVE

Enable keep-alive packets

ACCEPTCONN

Listen

RCVLOWAT

Minimum number of input bytes to process

SNDLOWAT

Minimum number of output bytes to process

TYPE

Socket type

TCP_NODELAY

Disable the Nagle algorithm for send coalescing

IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS

IP unicast hop limit

IPV6_MULTICAST_IF

IP multicast interface

IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP

IP multicast loopback

IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS

IP multicast hops

IPV6_JOIN_GROUP

Add an IP group membership

IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP

Drop an IP group membership

IPV6_V6ONLY

Treat wildcard bind as AF_INET6-only

class Socket;

Socket is a class that creates a network communication endpoint using the Berkeley sockets interface.

@trusted this(AddressFamily af, SocketType type, ProtocolType protocol);

@safe this(AddressFamily af, SocketType type);

@trusted this(AddressFamily af, SocketType type, scope const(char)[] protocolName);

Create a blocking socket. If a single protocol type exists to support this socket type within the address family, the ProtocolType may be omitted.

@safe this(scope const AddressInfo info);

Create a blocking socket using the parameters from the specified AddressInfo structure.

pure nothrow @nogc @safe this(socket_t sock, AddressFamily af);

Use an existing socket handle.

const pure nothrow @nogc @property @safe socket_t handle();

Get underlying socket handle.

const nothrow @nogc @property @trusted bool blocking();

@property @trusted void blocking(bool byes);

Get/set socket's blocking flag.

When a socket is blocking, calls to receive(), accept(), and send() will block and wait for data/action. A non-blocking socket will immediately return instead of blocking.

@property @safe AddressFamily addressFamily();

Get the socket's address family.

const @property @trusted bool isAlive();

Property that indicates if this is a valid, alive socket.

@trusted void bind(Address addr);

Associate a local address with this socket.

Parameters:

Address addr

The Address to associate this socket with.

Throws:

SocketOSException when unable to bind the socket.

@trusted void connect(Address to);

Establish a connection. If the socket is blocking, connect waits for the connection to be made. If the socket is nonblocking, connect returns immediately and the connection attempt is still in progress.

@trusted void listen(int backlog);

Listen for an incoming connection. bind must be called before you can listen. The backlog is a request of how many pending incoming connections are queued until accepted.

protected pure nothrow @safe Socket accepting();

Called by accept when a new Socket must be created for a new connection. To use a derived class, override this method and return an instance of your class. The returned Socket's handle must not be set; Socket has a protected constructor this() to use in this situation.

Override to use a derived class. The returned socket's handle must not be set.

@trusted Socket accept();

Accept an incoming connection. If the socket is blocking, accept waits for a connection request. Throws SocketAcceptException if unable to accept. See accepting for use with derived classes.

nothrow @nogc @trusted void shutdown(SocketShutdown how);

Disables sends and/or receives.

nothrow @nogc @trusted void close();

Immediately drop any connections and release socket resources. The Socket object is no longer usable after close. Calling shutdown before close is recommended for connection-oriented sockets.

static @property @trusted string hostName();

Returns:

the local machine's host name

@property @trusted Address remoteAddress();

Remote endpoint Address.

@property @trusted Address localAddress();

Local endpoint Address.

enum int ERROR;

Send or receive error code. See wouldHaveBlocked, lastSocketError and Socket.getErrorText for obtaining more information about the error.

@trusted ptrdiff_t send(const(void)[] buf, SocketFlags flags);

@safe ptrdiff_t send(const(void)[] buf);

Send data on the connection. If the socket is blocking and there is no buffer space left, send waits.

Returns:

The number of bytes actually sent, or Socket.ERROR on failure.

@trusted ptrdiff_t sendTo(const(void)[] buf, SocketFlags flags, Address to);

@safe ptrdiff_t sendTo(const(void)[] buf, Address to);

@trusted ptrdiff_t sendTo(const(void)[] buf, SocketFlags flags);

@safe ptrdiff_t sendTo(const(void)[] buf);

Send data to a specific destination Address. If the destination address is not specified, a connection must have been made and that address is used. If the socket is blocking and there is no buffer space left, sendTo waits.

Returns:

The number of bytes actually sent, or Socket.ERROR on failure.

@trusted ptrdiff_t receive(void[] buf, SocketFlags flags);

@safe ptrdiff_t receive(void[] buf);

Receive data on the connection. If the socket is blocking, receive waits until there is data to be received.

Returns:

The number of bytes actually received, 0 if the remote side has closed the connection, or Socket.ERROR on failure.

@trusted ptrdiff_t receiveFrom(void[] buf, SocketFlags flags, ref Address from);

@safe ptrdiff_t receiveFrom(void[] buf, ref Address from);

@trusted ptrdiff_t receiveFrom(void[] buf, SocketFlags flags);

@safe ptrdiff_t receiveFrom(void[] buf);

Receive data and get the remote endpoint Address. If the socket is blocking, receiveFrom waits until there is data to be received.

Returns:

The number of bytes actually received, 0 if the remote side has closed the connection, or Socket.ERROR on failure.

@trusted int getOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, void[] result);

Get a socket option.

Returns:

The number of bytes written to result. The length, in bytes, of the actual result - very different from getsockopt()

@trusted int getOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, out int32_t result);

Common case of getting integer and boolean options.

@trusted int getOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, out Linger result);

Get the linger option.

@trusted void getOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, out Duration result);

Get a timeout (duration) option.

@trusted void setOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, void[] value);

Set a socket option.

@trusted void setOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, int32_t value);

Common case for setting integer and boolean options.

@trusted void setOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, Linger value);

Set the linger option.

@trusted void setOption(SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOption option, Duration value);

Sets a timeout (duration) option, i.e. SocketOption.SNDTIMEO or RCVTIMEO. Zero indicates no timeout.

In a typical application, you might also want to consider using a non-blocking socket instead of setting a timeout on a blocking one.

Note

While the receive timeout setting is generally quite accurate on *nix systems even for smaller durations, there are two issues to be aware of on Windows: First, although undocumented, the effective timeout duration seems to be the one set on the socket plus half a second. setOption() tries to compensate for that, but still, timeouts under 500ms are not possible on Windows. Second, be aware that the actual amount of time spent until a blocking call returns randomly varies on the order of 10ms.

Parameters:

SocketOptionLevel level	The level at which a socket option is defined.
SocketOption option	Either SocketOption.SNDTIMEO or SocketOption.RCVTIMEO.
Duration value	The timeout duration to set. Must not be negative.

Throws:

SocketException if setting the options fails.

Example

import std.datetime;
import std.typecons;
auto pair = socketPair();
scope(exit) foreach (s; pair) s.close();

// Set a receive timeout, and then wait at one end of
// the socket pair, knowing that no data will arrive.
pair[0].setOption(SocketOptionLevel.SOCKET,
    SocketOption.RCVTIMEO, dur!"seconds"(1));

auto sw = StopWatch(Yes.autoStart);
ubyte[1] buffer;
pair[0].receive(buffer);
writefln("Waited %s ms until the socket timed out.",
    sw.peek.msecs);

@safe string getErrorText();

Get a text description of this socket's error status, and clear the socket's error status.

@trusted void setKeepAlive(int time, int interval);

Enables TCP keep-alive with the specified parameters.

Parameters:

int time	Number of seconds with no activity until the first keep-alive packet is sent.
int interval	Number of seconds between when successive keep-alive packets are sent if no acknowledgement is received.

Throws:

SocketOSException if setting the options fails, or SocketFeatureException if setting keep-alive parameters is unsupported on the current platform.

static @trusted int select(SocketSet checkRead, SocketSet checkWrite, SocketSet checkError, Duration timeout);

static @safe int select(SocketSet checkRead, SocketSet checkWrite, SocketSet checkError);

static @trusted int select(SocketSet checkRead, SocketSet checkWrite, SocketSet checkError, TimeVal* timeout);

Wait for a socket to change status. A wait timeout of core.time.Duration or TimeVal, may be specified; if a timeout is not specified or the TimeVal is null, the maximum timeout is used. The TimeVal timeout has an unspecified value when select returns.

Returns:

The number of sockets with status changes, 0 on timeout, or -1 on interruption. If the return value is greater than 0, the SocketSets are updated to only contain the sockets having status changes. For a connecting socket, a write status change means the connection is established and it's able to send. For a listening socket, a read status change means there is an incoming connection request and it's able to accept. SocketSet's updated to include only those sockets which an event occured. For a connect()ing socket, writeability means connected. For a listen()ing socket, readability means listening Winsock; possibly internally limited to 64 sockets per set.

Returns:

the number of events, 0 on timeout, or -1 on interruption

protected pure nothrow @safe Address createAddress();

Can be overridden to support other addresses.

Returns:

a new Address object for the current address family.

class TcpSocket: std.socket.Socket;

TcpSocket is a shortcut class for a TCP Socket.

@safe this(AddressFamily family);

Constructs a blocking TCP Socket.

@safe this();

Constructs a blocking IPv4 TCP Socket.

@safe this(Address connectTo);

Constructs a blocking TCP Socket and connects to an Address.

class UdpSocket: std.socket.Socket;

UdpSocket is a shortcut class for a UDP Socket.

@safe this(AddressFamily family);

Constructs a blocking UDP Socket.

@safe this();

Constructs a blocking IPv4 UDP Socket.

@trusted Socket[2] socketPair();

Creates a pair of connected sockets.

The two sockets are indistinguishable.

Throws:

SocketException if creation of the sockets fails.

Examples:

immutable ubyte[] data = [1, 2, 3, 4];
auto pair = socketPair();
scope(exit) foreach (s; pair) s.close();

pair[0].send(data);

auto buf = new ubyte[data.length];
pair[1].receive(buf);
writeln(buf); // data