Extra Wrappers

werkzeug.contrib.wrappers

Extra wrappers or mixins contributed by the community. These wrappers can be mixed in into request objects to add extra functionality.

Example:

from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as RequestBase
from werkzeug.contrib.wrappers import JSONRequestMixin

class Request(RequestBase, JSONRequestMixin):
    pass

Afterwards this request object provides the extra functionality of the JSONRequestMixin.

class werkzeug.contrib.wrappers.JSONRequestMixin

Deprecated since version 0.15: Moved to werkzeug.wrappers.json.JSONMixin. This old import will be removed in version 1.0.

class werkzeug.contrib.wrappers.ProtobufRequestMixin

Add protobuf parsing method to a request object. This will parse the input data through protobuf if possible.

BadRequest will be raised if the content-type is not protobuf or if the data itself cannot be parsed property.

Deprecated since version 0.15: This mixin will be removed in version 1.0.

parse_protobuf(proto_type)

Parse the data into an instance of proto_type.

protobuf_check_initialization = True

by default the ProtobufRequestMixin will raise a BadRequest if the object is not initialized. You can bypass that check by setting this attribute to False.

class werkzeug.contrib.wrappers.RoutingArgsRequestMixin

This request mixin adds support for the wsgiorg routing args specification.

Deprecated since version 0.15: This mixin will be removed in version 1.0.

routing_args

The positional URL arguments as tuple.

routing_vars

The keyword URL arguments as dict.

class werkzeug.contrib.wrappers.ReverseSlashBehaviorRequestMixin

This mixin reverses the trailing slash behavior of script_root and path. This makes it possible to use urljoin() directly on the paths.

Because it changes the behavior or Request this class has to be mixed in before the actual request class:

class MyRequest(ReverseSlashBehaviorRequestMixin, Request):
    pass

This example shows the differences (for an application mounted on /application and the request going to /application/foo/bar):

	normal behavior	reverse behavior
script_root	/application	/application/
path	/foo/bar	foo/bar

Deprecated since version 0.15: This mixin will be removed in version 1.0.

path

Requested path as unicode. This works a bit like the regular path info in the WSGI environment but will not include a leading slash.

script_root

The root path of the script includling a trailing slash.

class werkzeug.contrib.wrappers.DynamicCharsetRequestMixin

“If this mixin is mixed into a request class it will provide a dynamic charset attribute. This means that if the charset is transmitted in the content type headers it’s used from there.

Because it changes the behavior or Request this class has to be mixed in before the actual request class:

class MyRequest(DynamicCharsetRequestMixin, Request):
    pass

By default the request object assumes that the URL charset is the same as the data charset. If the charset varies on each request based on the transmitted data it’s not a good idea to let the URLs change based on that. Most browsers assume either utf-8 or latin1 for the URLs if they have troubles figuring out. It’s strongly recommended to set the URL charset to utf-8:

class MyRequest(DynamicCharsetRequestMixin, Request):
    url_charset = 'utf-8'

Deprecated since version 0.15: This mixin will be removed in version 1.0.

New in version 0.6.

charset

The charset from the content type.

default_charset = 'latin1'

the default charset that is assumed if the content type header is missing or does not contain a charset parameter. The default is latin1 which is what HTTP specifies as default charset. You may however want to set this to utf-8 to better support browsers that do not transmit a charset for incoming data.

unknown_charset(charset)

Called if a charset was provided but is not supported by the Python codecs module. By default latin1 is assumed then to not lose any information, you may override this method to change the behavior.

Parameters:	charset – the charset that was not found.
Returns:	the replacement charset.

class werkzeug.contrib.wrappers.DynamicCharsetResponseMixin

If this mixin is mixed into a response class it will provide a dynamic charset attribute. This means that if the charset is looked up and stored in the Content-Type header and updates itself automatically. This also means a small performance hit but can be useful if you’re working with different charsets on responses.

Because the charset attribute is no a property at class-level, the default value is stored in default_charset.

Because it changes the behavior or Response this class has to be mixed in before the actual response class:

class MyResponse(DynamicCharsetResponseMixin, Response):
    pass

Deprecated since version 0.15: This mixin will be removed in version 1.0.

New in version 0.6.

charset

The charset for the response. It’s stored inside the Content-Type header as a parameter.

default_charset = 'utf-8'

the default charset.