11.10 Function Files

Except for simple one-shot programs, it is not practical to have to define all the functions you need each time you need them. Instead, you will normally want to save them in a file so that you can easily edit them, and save them for use at a later time.

Octave does not require you to load function definitions from files before using them. You simply need to put the function definitions in a place where Octave can find them.

When Octave encounters an identifier that is undefined, it first looks for variables or functions that are already compiled and currently listed in its symbol table. If it fails to find a definition there, it searches a list of directories (the path) for files ending in .m that have the same base name as the undefined identifier.⁵ Once Octave finds a file with a name that matches, the contents of the file are read. If it defines a single function, it is compiled and executed. See Script Files, for more information about how you can define more than one function in a single file.

When Octave defines a function from a function file, it saves the full name of the file it read and the time stamp on the file. If the time stamp on the file changes, Octave may reload the file. When Octave is running interactively, time stamp checking normally happens at most once each time Octave prints the prompt. Searching for new function definitions also occurs if the current working directory changes.

Checking the time stamp allows you to edit the definition of a function while Octave is running, and automatically use the new function definition without having to restart your Octave session.

To avoid degrading performance unnecessarily by checking the time stamps on functions that are not likely to change, Octave assumes that function files in the directory tree octave-home/share/octave/version/m will not change, so it doesn’t have to check their time stamps every time the functions defined in those files are used. This is normally a very good assumption and provides a significant improvement in performance for the function files that are distributed with Octave.

If you know that your own function files will not change while you are running Octave, you can improve performance by calling ignore_function_time_stamp ("all"), so that Octave will ignore the time stamps for all function files. Passing "system" to this function resets the default behavior.

: edit name

: edit field value

: value = edit ("get", field)

: value = edit ("get", "all")

Edit the named function, or change editor settings.

If edit is called with the name of a file or function as its argument it will be opened in the text editor defined by EDITOR.

• If the function name is available in a file on your path, then it will be opened in the editor. If no file is found, then the m-file variant, ending with ".m", will be considered. If still no file is found, then variants with a leading "@" and then with both a leading "@" and trailing ".m" will be considered.
• If name is the name of a command-line function, then an m-file will be created to contain that function along with its current definition.
• If name.cc is specified, then it will search for name.cc in the path and open it in the editor. If the file is not found, then a new .cc file will be created. If name happens to be an m-file or command-line function, then the text of that function will be inserted into the .cc file as a comment.
• If name.ext is on your path then it will be edited, otherwise the editor will be started with name.ext in the current directory as the filename.

  Warning: You may need to clear name before the new definition is available. If you are editing a .cc file, you will need to execute mkoctfile name.cc before the definition will be available.

If edit is called with field and value variables, the value of the control field field will be set to value.

If an output argument is requested and the first input argument is get then edit will return the value of the control field field. If the control field does not exist, edit will return a structure containing all fields and values. Thus, edit ("get", "all") returns a complete control structure.

The following control fields are used:

‘author’

This is the name to put after the "## Author:" field of new functions. By default it guesses from the gecos field of the password database.

‘email’

This is the e-mail address to list after the name in the author field. By default it guesses <$LOGNAME@$HOSTNAME>, and if $HOSTNAME is not defined it uses uname -n. You probably want to override this. Be sure to use the format user@host.

‘license’

‘gpl’

GNU General Public License (default).

‘bsd’

BSD-style license without advertising clause.

‘pd’

Public domain.

‘"text"’

Your own default copyright and license.

Unless you specify ‘pd’, edit will prepend the copyright statement with "Copyright (C) YYYY Author".

‘mode’

This value determines whether the editor should be started in async mode (editor is started in the background and Octave continues) or sync mode (Octave waits until the editor exits). Set it to "sync" to start the editor in sync mode. The default is "async" (see system).

‘editinplace’

Determines whether files should be edited in place, without regard to whether they are modifiable or not. The default is true. Set it to false to have read-only function files automatically copied to ‘home’, if it exists, when editing them.

‘home’

This value indicates a directory that system m-files should be copied into before opening them in the editor. The intent is that this directory is also in the path, so that the edited copy of a system function file shadows the original. This setting only has an effect when ‘editinplace’ is set to false. The default is the empty matrix ([]), which means it is not used. The default in previous versions of Octave was ~/octave.

See also: EDITOR, path.

: mfilename ()

: mfilename ("fullpath")

: mfilename ("fullpathext")

Return the name of the currently executing file.

The base name of the currently executing script or function is returned without any extension. If called from outside an m-file, such as the command line, return the empty string.

Given the argument "fullpath", include the directory part of the filename, but not the extension.

Given the argument "fullpathext", include the directory part of the filename and the extension.

See also: inputname, dbstack.

: val = ignore_function_time_stamp ()

: old_val = ignore_function_time_stamp (new_val)

Query or set the internal variable that controls whether Octave checks the time stamp on files each time it looks up functions defined in function files.

If the internal variable is set to "system", Octave will not automatically recompile function files in subdirectories of octave-home/share/version/m if they have changed since they were last compiled, but will recompile other function files in the search path if they change.

If set to "all", Octave will not recompile any function files unless their definitions are removed with clear.

If set to "none", Octave will always check time stamps on files to determine whether functions defined in function files need to recompiled.

• Manipulating the Load Path

• Subfunctions

• Private Functions

• Nested Functions

• Overloading and Autoloading

• Function Locking

• Function Precedence