Parallel Computing

Julia supports these four categories of concurrent and parallel programming:

1. Asynchronous "tasks", or coroutines:

   Julia Tasks allow suspending and resuming computations for I/O, event handling, producer-consumer processes, and similar patterns. Tasks can synchronize through operations like wait and fetch, and communicate via Channels. While strictly not parallel computing by themselves, Julia lets you schedule Tasks on several threads.

2. Multi-threading:

   Julia's multi-threading provides the ability to schedule Tasks simultaneously on more than one thread or CPU core, sharing memory. This is usually the easiest way to get parallelism on one's PC or on a single large multi-core server. Julia's multi-threading is composable. When one multi-threaded function calls another multi-threaded function, Julia will schedule all the threads globally on available resources, without oversubscribing.

3. Distributed computing:

   Distributed computing runs multiple Julia processes with separate memory spaces. These can be on the same computer or multiple computers. The Distributed standard library provides the capability for remote execution of a Julia function. With this basic building block, it is possible to build many different kinds of distributed computing abstractions. Packages like DistributedArrays.jl are an example of such an abstraction. On the other hand, packages like MPI.jl and Elemental.jl provide access to the existing MPI ecosystem of libraries.

4. GPU computing:

   The Julia GPU compiler provides the ability to run Julia code natively on GPUs. There is a rich ecosystem of Julia packages that target GPUs. The JuliaGPU.org website provides a list of capabilities, supported GPUs, related packages and documentation.