Observers

Observers in Ember are currently synchronous. This means that they will fire as soon as one of the properties they observe changes. Because of this, it is easy to introduce bugs where properties are not yet synchronized:

import { observer } from '@ember/object';

Person.reopen({
  lastNameChanged: observer('lastName', function() {
    // The observer depends on lastName and so does fullName. Because observers
    // are synchronous, when this function is called the value of fullName is
    // not updated yet so this will log the old value of fullName
    console.log(this.get('fullName'));
  })
});

This synchronous behavior can also lead to observers being fired multiple times when observing multiple properties:

import { observer } from '@ember/object';

Person.reopen({
  partOfNameChanged: observer('firstName', 'lastName', function() {
    // Because both firstName and lastName were set, this observer will fire twice.
  })
});

person.set('firstName', 'John');
person.set('lastName', 'Smith');

To get around these problems, you should make use of Ember.run.once(). This will ensure that any processing you need to do only happens once, and happens in the next run loop once all bindings are synchronized:

import { observer } from '@ember/object';
import { once } from '@ember/runloop';

Person.reopen({
  partOfNameChanged: observer('firstName', 'lastName', function() {
    once(this, 'processFullName');
  }),

  processFullName() {
    // This will only fire once if you set two properties at the same time, and
    // will also happen in the next run loop once all properties are synchronized
    console.log(this.get('fullName'));
  }
});

person.set('firstName', 'John');
person.set('lastName', 'Smith');

Observers never fire until after the initialization of an object is complete.

If you need an observer to fire as part of the initialization process, you cannot rely on the side effect of set. Instead, specify that the observer should also run after init by using Ember.on():

import EmberObject, { observer } from '@ember/object';
import { on } from '@ember/object/evented';

Person = EmberObject.extend({
  init() {
    this.set('salutation', 'Mr/Ms');
  },

  salutationDidChange: on('init', observer('salutation', function() {
    // some side effect of salutation changing
  }))
});

If you never get() a computed property, its observers will not fire even if its dependent keys change. You can think of the value changing from one unknown value to another.

This doesn't usually affect application code because computed properties are almost always observed at the same time as they are fetched. For example, you get the value of a computed property, put it in DOM (or draw it with D3), and then observe it so you can update the DOM once the property changes.

If you need to observe a computed property but aren't currently retrieving it, get it in your init() method.

You can also add observers to an object outside of a class definition using addObserver():

person.addObserver('fullName', function() {
  // deal with the change
});