Constraints reference
The classes defined in this module create database constraints. They are added in the model Meta.constraints option.
Referencing built-in constraints
Constraints are defined in django.db.models.constraints, but for convenience they’re imported into django.db.models. The standard convention is to use from django.db import models and refer to the constraints as models.<Foo>Constraint.
Constraints in abstract base classes
You must always specify a unique name for the constraint. As such, you cannot normally specify a constraint on an abstract base class, since the Meta.constraints option is inherited by subclasses, with exactly the same values for the attributes (including name) each time. To work around name collisions, part of the name may contain '%(app_label)s' and '%(class)s', which are replaced, respectively, by the lowercased app label and class name of the concrete model. For example CheckConstraint(check=Q(age__gte=18),
name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_is_adult').
Validation of Constraints
In general constraints are not checked during full_clean(), and do not raise ValidationErrors. Rather you’ll get a database integrity error on save(). UniqueConstraints without a condition (i.e. non-partial unique constraints) are different in this regard, in that they leverage the existing validate_unique() logic, and thus enable two-stage validation. In addition to IntegrityError on save(), ValidationError is also raised during model validation when the UniqueConstraint is violated.
CheckConstraint
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class CheckConstraint(*, check, name) -
Creates a check constraint in the database.
check
-
CheckConstraint.check
A Q object that specifies the check you want the constraint to enforce.
For example, CheckConstraint(check=Q(age__gte=18), name='age_gte_18') ensures the age field is never less than 18.
name
-
CheckConstraint.name
The name of the constraint. You must always specify a unique name for the constraint.
Interpolation of '%(app_label)s' and '%(class)s' was added.
UniqueConstraint
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class UniqueConstraint(*, fields, name, condition=None) -
Creates a unique constraint in the database.
fields
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UniqueConstraint.fields
A list of field names that specifies the unique set of columns you want the constraint to enforce.
For example, UniqueConstraint(fields=['room', 'date'],
name='unique_booking') ensures each room can only be booked once for each date.
name
-
UniqueConstraint.name
The name of the constraint. You must always specify a unique name for the constraint.
Interpolation of '%(app_label)s' and '%(class)s' was added.
condition
-
UniqueConstraint.condition
A Q object that specifies the condition you want the constraint to enforce.
For example:
UniqueConstraint(fields=['user'], condition=Q(status='DRAFT'), name='unique_draft_user')
ensures that each user only has one draft.
These conditions have the same database restrictions as Index.condition.
© Django Software Foundation and individual contributors
Licensed under the BSD License.
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/models/constraints/