Error reporting
When you’re running a public site you should always turn off the DEBUG
setting. That will make your server run much faster, and will also prevent malicious users from seeing details of your application that can be revealed by the error pages.
However, running with DEBUG
set to False
means you’ll never see errors generated by your site – everyone will instead see your public error pages. You need to keep track of errors that occur in deployed sites, so Django can be configured to create reports with details about those errors.
Email reports
Server errors
When DEBUG
is False
, Django will email the users listed in the ADMINS
setting whenever your code raises an unhandled exception and results in an internal server error (strictly speaking, for any response with an HTTP status code of 500 or greater). This gives the administrators immediate notification of any errors. The ADMINS
will get a description of the error, a complete Python traceback, and details about the HTTP request that caused the error.
Note
In order to send email, Django requires a few settings telling it how to connect to your mail server. At the very least, you’ll need to specify EMAIL_HOST
and possibly EMAIL_HOST_USER
and EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD
, though other settings may be also required depending on your mail server’s configuration. Consult the Django settings documentation for a full list of email-related settings.
By default, Django will send email from root@localhost. However, some mail providers reject all email from this address. To use a different sender address, modify the SERVER_EMAIL
setting.
To activate this behavior, put the email addresses of the recipients in the ADMINS
setting.
See also
Server error emails are sent using the logging framework, so you can customize this behavior by customizing your logging configuration.
404 errors
Django can also be configured to email errors about broken links (404 “page not found” errors). Django sends emails about 404 errors when:
-
DEBUG
isFalse
; - Your
MIDDLEWARE
setting includesdjango.middleware.common.BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware
.
If those conditions are met, Django will email the users listed in the MANAGERS
setting whenever your code raises a 404 and the request has a referer. It doesn’t bother to email for 404s that don’t have a referer – those are usually people typing in broken URLs or broken Web bots. It also ignores 404s when the referer is equal to the requested URL, since this behavior is from broken Web bots too.
Note
BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware
must appear before other middleware that intercepts 404 errors, such as LocaleMiddleware
or FlatpageFallbackMiddleware
. Put it towards the top of your MIDDLEWARE
setting.
You can tell Django to stop reporting particular 404s by tweaking the IGNORABLE_404_URLS
setting. It should be a list of compiled regular expression objects. For example:
import re IGNORABLE_404_URLS = [ re.compile(r'\.(php|cgi)$'), re.compile(r'^/phpmyadmin/'), ]
In this example, a 404 to any URL ending with .php
or .cgi
will not be reported. Neither will any URL starting with /phpmyadmin/
.
The following example shows how to exclude some conventional URLs that browsers and crawlers often request:
import re IGNORABLE_404_URLS = [ re.compile(r'^/apple-touch-icon.*\.png$'), re.compile(r'^/favicon\.ico$'), re.compile(r'^/robots\.txt$'), ]
(Note that these are regular expressions, so we put a backslash in front of periods to escape them.)
If you’d like to customize the behavior of django.middleware.common.BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware
further (for example to ignore requests coming from web crawlers), you should subclass it and override its methods.
See also
404 errors are logged using the logging framework. By default, these log records are ignored, but you can use them for error reporting by writing a handler and configuring logging appropriately.
Filtering error reports
Warning
Filtering sensitive data is a hard problem, and it’s nearly impossible to guarantee that sensitive data won’t leak into an error report. Therefore, error reports should only be available to trusted team members and you should avoid transmitting error reports unencrypted over the Internet (such as through email).
Filtering sensitive information
Error reports are really helpful for debugging errors, so it is generally useful to record as much relevant information about those errors as possible. For example, by default Django records the full traceback for the exception raised, each traceback frame’s local variables, and the HttpRequest
’s attributes.
However, sometimes certain types of information may be too sensitive and thus may not be appropriate to be kept track of, for example a user’s password or credit card number. So in addition to filtering out settings that appear to be sensitive as described in the DEBUG
documentation, Django offers a set of function decorators to help you control which information should be filtered out of error reports in a production environment (that is, where DEBUG
is set to False
): sensitive_variables()
and sensitive_post_parameters()
.
-
sensitive_variables(*variables)
-
If a function (either a view or any regular callback) in your code uses local variables susceptible to contain sensitive information, you may prevent the values of those variables from being included in error reports using the
sensitive_variables
decorator:from django.views.decorators.debug import sensitive_variables @sensitive_variables('user', 'pw', 'cc') def process_info(user): pw = user.pass_word cc = user.credit_card_number name = user.name ...
In the above example, the values for the
user
,pw
andcc
variables will be hidden and replaced with stars (**********
) in the error reports, whereas the value of thename
variable will be disclosed.To systematically hide all local variables of a function from error logs, do not provide any argument to the
sensitive_variables
decorator:@sensitive_variables() def my_function(): ...
When using multiple decorators
If the variable you want to hide is also a function argument (e.g. ‘
user
’ in the following example), and if the decorated function has multiple decorators, then make sure to place@sensitive_variables
at the top of the decorator chain. This way it will also hide the function argument as it gets passed through the other decorators:@sensitive_variables('user', 'pw', 'cc') @some_decorator @another_decorator def process_info(user): ...
-
sensitive_post_parameters(*parameters)
-
If one of your views receives an
HttpRequest
object withPOST parameters
susceptible to contain sensitive information, you may prevent the values of those parameters from being included in the error reports using thesensitive_post_parameters
decorator:from django.views.decorators.debug import sensitive_post_parameters @sensitive_post_parameters('pass_word', 'credit_card_number') def record_user_profile(request): UserProfile.create( user=request.user, password=request.POST['pass_word'], credit_card=request.POST['credit_card_number'], name=request.POST['name'], ) ...
In the above example, the values for the
pass_word
andcredit_card_number
POST parameters will be hidden and replaced with stars (**********
) in the request’s representation inside the error reports, whereas the value of thename
parameter will be disclosed.To systematically hide all POST parameters of a request in error reports, do not provide any argument to the
sensitive_post_parameters
decorator:@sensitive_post_parameters() def my_view(request): ...
All POST parameters are systematically filtered out of error reports for certain
django.contrib.auth.views
views (login
,password_reset_confirm
,password_change
, andadd_view
anduser_change_password
in theauth
admin) to prevent the leaking of sensitive information such as user passwords.
Custom error reports
All sensitive_variables()
and sensitive_post_parameters()
do is, respectively, annotate the decorated function with the names of sensitive variables and annotate the HttpRequest
object with the names of sensitive POST parameters, so that this sensitive information can later be filtered out of reports when an error occurs. The actual filtering is done by Django’s default error reporter filter: django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter
. This filter uses the decorators’ annotations to replace the corresponding values with stars (**********
) when the error reports are produced. If you wish to override or customize this default behavior for your entire site, you need to define your own filter class and tell Django to use it via the DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER
setting:
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER = 'path.to.your.CustomExceptionReporterFilter'
You may also control in a more granular way which filter to use within any given view by setting the HttpRequest
’s exception_reporter_filter
attribute:
def my_view(request): if request.user.is_authenticated: request.exception_reporter_filter = CustomExceptionReporterFilter() ...
Your custom filter class needs to inherit from django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter
and may override the following methods:
-
class SafeExceptionReporterFilter
-
SafeExceptionReporterFilter.is_active(request)
-
Returns
True
to activate the filtering operated in the other methods. By default the filter is active ifDEBUG
isFalse
.
-
SafeExceptionReporterFilter.get_post_parameters(request)
-
Returns the filtered dictionary of POST parameters. By default it replaces the values of sensitive parameters with stars (
**********
).
-
SafeExceptionReporterFilter.get_traceback_frame_variables(request, tb_frame)
-
Returns the filtered dictionary of local variables for the given traceback frame. By default it replaces the values of sensitive variables with stars (
**********
).
See also
You can also set up custom error reporting by writing a custom piece of exception middleware. If you do write custom error handling, it’s a good idea to emulate Django’s built-in error handling and only report/log errors if DEBUG
is False
.
© Django Software Foundation and individual contributors
Licensed under the BSD License.
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/error-reporting/