Vue.js API

You’re browsing the documentation for v2.x and earlier. For v3.x, click here.

API

Global Config

Vue.config is an object containing Vue’s global configurations. You can modify its properties listed below before bootstrapping your application:

silent

Type: boolean
Default: false
Usage:
```
Vue.config.silent = true
```
Suppress all Vue logs and warnings.

optionMergeStrategies

Type: { [key: string]: Function }
Default: {}
Usage:
```
Vue.config.optionMergeStrategies._my_option = function (parent, child, vm) {
  return child + 1
}

const Profile = Vue.extend({
  _my_option: 1
})

// Profile.options._my_option = 2
```
Define custom merging strategies for options.

The merge strategy receives the value of that option defined on the parent and child instances as the first and second arguments, respectively. The context Vue instance is passed as the third argument.
See also: Custom Option Merging Strategies

devtools

Type: boolean
Default: true (false in production builds)
Usage:
```
// make sure to set this synchronously immediately after loading Vue
Vue.config.devtools = true
```
Configure whether to allow vue-devtools inspection. This option’s default value is true in development builds and false in production builds. You can set it to true to enable inspection for production builds.

errorHandler

Type: Function
Default: undefined
Usage:
```
Vue.config.errorHandler = function (err, vm, info) {
  // handle error
  // `info` is a Vue-specific error info, e.g. which lifecycle hook
  // the error was found in. Only available in 2.2.0+
}
```
Assign a handler for uncaught errors during component render function and watchers. The handler gets called with the error and the Vue instance.

In 2.2.0+, this hook also captures errors in component lifecycle hooks. Also, when this hook is undefined, captured errors will be logged with console.error instead of crashing the app.

In 2.4.0+, this hook also captures errors thrown inside Vue custom event handlers.

In 2.6.0+, this hook also captures errors thrown inside v-on DOM listeners. In addition, if any of the covered hooks or handlers returns a Promise chain (e.g. async functions), the error from that Promise chain will also be handled.

Error tracking services Sentry and Bugsnag provide official integrations using this option.

warnHandler

New in 2.4.0+

Type: Function
Default: undefined
Usage:
```
Vue.config.warnHandler = function (msg, vm, trace) {
  // `trace` is the component hierarchy trace
}
```
Assign a custom handler for runtime Vue warnings. Note this only works during development and is ignored in production.

ignoredElements

Type: Array<string | RegExp>
Default: []
Usage:
```
Vue.config.ignoredElements = [
  'my-custom-web-component',
  'another-web-component',
  // Use a `RegExp` to ignore all elements that start with "ion-"
  // 2.5+ only
  /^ion-/
]
```
Make Vue ignore custom elements defined outside of Vue (e.g., using the Web Components APIs). Otherwise, it will throw a warning about an Unknown custom element, assuming that you forgot to register a global component or misspelled a component name.

keyCodes

Type: { [key: string]: number | Array<number> }
Default: {}

Usage:

Vue.config.keyCodes = {
  v: 86,
  f1: 112,
  // camelCase won`t work
  mediaPlayPause: 179,
  // instead you can use kebab-case with double quotation marks
  "media-play-pause": 179,
  up: [38, 87]
}

<input type="text" @keyup.media-play-pause="method">

Define custom key alias(es) for v-on.

performance

New in 2.2.0+

Type: boolean
Default: false (from 2.2.3+)
Usage:

Set this to true to enable component init, compile, render and patch performance tracing in the browser devtool performance/timeline panel. Only works in development mode and in browsers that support the performance.mark API.

productionTip

New in 2.2.0+

Type: boolean
Default: true
Usage:

Set this to false to prevent the production tip on Vue startup.

Global API

Vue.extend( options )

Arguments:
- {Object} options

Usage:

Create a “subclass” of the base Vue constructor. The argument should be an object containing component options.

The special case to note here is the data option - it must be a function when used with Vue.extend().

<div id="mount-point"></div>

// create constructor
var Profile = Vue.extend({
  template: '<p>{{firstName}} {{lastName}} aka {{alias}}</p>',
  data: function () {
    return {
      firstName: 'Walter',
      lastName: 'White',
      alias: 'Heisenberg'
    }
  }
})
// create an instance of Profile and mount it on an element
new Profile().$mount('#mount-point')

Will result in:

<p>Walter White aka Heisenberg</p>

See also: Components

Vue.nextTick( [callback, context] )

Arguments:
- {Function} [callback]
- {Object} [context]
Usage:

Defer the callback to be executed after the next DOM update cycle. Use it immediately after you’ve changed some data to wait for the DOM update.
```
// modify data
vm.msg = 'Hello'
// DOM not updated yet
Vue.nextTick(function () {
  // DOM updated
})

// usage as a promise (2.1.0+, see note below)
Vue.nextTick()
  .then(function () {
    // DOM updated
  })
```
New in 2.1.0+: returns a Promise if no callback is provided and Promise is supported in the execution environment. Please note that Vue does not come with a Promise polyfill, so if you target browsers that don’t support Promises natively (looking at you, IE), you will have to provide a polyfill yourself.
See also: Async Update Queue

Vue.set( target, propertyName/index, value )

Arguments:
- {Object | Array} target
- {string | number} propertyName/index
- {any} value
Returns: the set value.
Usage:

Adds a property to a reactive object, ensuring the new property is also reactive, so triggers view updates. This must be used to add new properties to reactive objects, as Vue cannot detect normal property additions (e.g. this.myObject.newProperty = 'hi').

The target object cannot be a Vue instance, or the root data object of a Vue instance.
See also: Reactivity in Depth

Vue.delete( target, propertyName/index )

Arguments:
- {Object | Array} target
- {string | number} propertyName/index
Only in 2.2.0+: Also works with Array + index.
Usage:

Delete a property on an object. If the object is reactive, ensure the deletion triggers view updates. This is primarily used to get around the limitation that Vue cannot detect property deletions, but you should rarely need to use it.

The target object cannot be a Vue instance, or the root data object of a Vue instance.
See also: Reactivity in Depth

Vue.directive( id, [definition] )

Arguments:
- {string} id
- {Function | Object} [definition]

Usage:

// register
Vue.directive('my-directive', {
  bind: function () {},
  inserted: function () {},
  update: function () {},
  componentUpdated: function () {},
  unbind: function () {}
})

// register (function directive)
Vue.directive('my-directive', function () {
  // this will be called as `bind` and `update`
})

// getter, return the directive definition if registered
var myDirective = Vue.directive('my-directive')

See also: Custom Directives

Vue.filter( id, [definition] )

Arguments:
- {string} id
- {Function} [definition]

Usage:

// register
Vue.filter('my-filter', function (value) {
  // return processed value
})

// getter, return the filter if registered
var myFilter = Vue.filter('my-filter')

See also: Filters

Vue.component( id, [definition] )

Arguments:
- {string} id
- {Function | Object} [definition]

Usage:

Register or retrieve a global component. Registration also automatically sets the component’s name with the given id.

// register an extended constructor
Vue.component('my-component', Vue.extend({ /* ... */ }))

// register an options object (automatically call Vue.extend)
Vue.component('my-component', { /* ... */ })

// retrieve a registered component (always return constructor)
var MyComponent = Vue.component('my-component')

See also: Components

Vue.use( plugin )

Arguments:
- {Object | Function} plugin
Usage:

Install a Vue.js plugin. If the plugin is an Object, it must expose an install method. If it is a function itself, it will be treated as the install method. The install method will be called with Vue as the argument.

This method has to be called before calling new Vue()

When this method is called on the same plugin multiple times, the plugin will be installed only once.
See also: Plugins

Vue.mixin( mixin )

Arguments:
- {Object} mixin
Usage:

Apply a mixin globally, which affects every Vue instance created afterwards. This can be used by plugin authors to inject custom behavior into components. Not recommended in application code.
See also: Global Mixin

Vue.compile( template )

Arguments:
- {string} template

Usage:

Compiles a template string into a render function. Only available in the full build.

var res = Vue.compile('<div><span>{{ msg }}</span></div>')

new Vue({
  data: {
    msg: 'hello'
  },
  render: res.render,
  staticRenderFns: res.staticRenderFns
})

See also: Render Functions

Vue.observable( object )

New in 2.6.0+

Arguments:
- {Object} object
Usage:

Make an object reactive. Internally, Vue uses this on the object returned by the data function.

The returned object can be used directly inside render functions and computed properties, and will trigger appropriate updates when mutated. It can also be used as a minimal, cross-component state store for simple scenarios:
```
const state = Vue.observable({ count: 0 })

const Demo = {
  render(h) {
    return h('button', {
      on: { click: () => { state.count++ }}
    }, `count is: ${state.count}`)
  }
}
```
In Vue 2.x, Vue.observable directly mutates the object passed to it, so that it is equivalent to the object returned, as demonstrated here. In Vue 3.x, a reactive proxy will be returned instead, leaving the original object non-reactive if mutated directly. Therefore, for future compatibility, we recommend always working with the object returned by Vue.observable, rather than the object originally passed to it.
See also: Reactivity in Depth

Vue.version

Details: Provides the installed version of Vue as a string. This is especially useful for community plugins and components, where you might use different strategies for different versions.

Usage:

var version = Number(Vue.version.split('.')[0])

if (version === 2) {
  // Vue v2.x.x
} else if (version === 1) {
  // Vue v1.x.x
} else {
  // Unsupported versions of Vue
}

Options / Data

data

Type: Object | Function
Restriction: Only accepts Function when used in a component definition.
Details:

The data object for the Vue instance. Vue will recursively convert its properties into getter/setters to make it “reactive”. The object must be plain: native objects such as browser API objects and prototype properties are ignored. A rule of thumb is that data should just be data - it is not recommended to observe objects with their own stateful behavior.

Once observed, you can no longer add reactive properties to the root data object. It is therefore recommended to declare all root-level reactive properties upfront, before creating the instance.

After the instance is created, the original data object can be accessed as vm.$data. The Vue instance also proxies all the properties found on the data object, so vm.a will be equivalent to vm.$data.a.

Properties that start with _ or $ will not be proxied on the Vue instance because they may conflict with Vue’s internal properties and API methods. You will have to access them as vm.$data._property.

When defining a component, data must be declared as a function that returns the initial data object, because there will be many instances created using the same definition. If we use a plain object for data, that same object will be shared by reference across all instances created! By providing a data function, every time a new instance is created we can call it to return a fresh copy of the initial data.

If required, a deep clone of the original object can be obtained by passing vm.$data through JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(...)).

Example:

var data = { a: 1 }

// direct instance creation
var vm = new Vue({
  data: data
})
vm.a // => 1
vm.$data === data // => true

// must use function when in Vue.extend()
var Component = Vue.extend({
  data: function () {
    return { a: 1 }
  }
})

Note that if you use an arrow function with the data property, this won’t be the component’s instance, but you can still access the instance as the function’s first argument:

data: vm => ({ a: vm.myProp })

See also: Reactivity in Depth

props

Type: Array<string> | Object
Details:

A list/hash of attributes that are exposed to accept data from the parent component. It has an Array-based simple syntax and an alternative Object-based syntax that allows advanced configurations such as type checking, custom validation and default values.

With Object-based syntax, you can use following options:
- type: can be one of the following native constructors: String, Number, Boolean, Array, Object, Date, Function, Symbol, any custom constructor function or an array of those. Will check if a prop has a given type, and will throw a warning if it doesn’t. More information on prop types.
- default: any
  Specifies a default value for the prop. If the prop is not passed, this value will be used instead. Object or array defaults must be returned from a factory function.
- required: Boolean
  Defines if the prop is required. In a non-production environment, a console warning will be thrown if this value is truthy and the prop is not passed.
- validator: Function
  Custom validator function that takes the prop value as the sole argument. In a non-production environment, a console warning will be thrown if this function returns a falsy value (i.e. the validation fails). You can read more about prop validation here.

Example:

// simple syntax
Vue.component('props-demo-simple', {
  props: ['size', 'myMessage']
})

// object syntax with validation
Vue.component('props-demo-advanced', {
  props: {
    // type check
    height: Number,
    // type check plus other validations
    age: {
      type: Number,
      default: 0,
      required: true,
      validator: function (value) {
        return value >= 0
      }
    }
  }
})

See also: Props

propsData

Type: { [key: string]: any }
Restriction: only respected in instance creation via new.
Details:

Pass props to an instance during its creation. This is primarily intended to make unit testing easier.

Example:

var Comp = Vue.extend({
  props: ['msg'],
  template: '<div>{{ msg }}</div>'
})

var vm = new Comp({
  propsData: {
    msg: 'hello'
  }
})

computed

Type: { [key: string]: Function | { get: Function, set: Function } }
Details:

Computed properties to be mixed into the Vue instance. All getters and setters have their this context automatically bound to the Vue instance.

Note that if you use an arrow function with a computed property, this won’t be the component’s instance, but you can still access the instance as the function’s first argument:
```
computed: {
  aDouble: vm => vm.a * 2
}
```
Computed properties are cached, and only re-computed on reactive dependency changes. Note that if a certain dependency is out of the instance’s scope (i.e. not reactive), the computed property will not be updated.

Example:

var vm = new Vue({
  data: { a: 1 },
  computed: {
    // get only
    aDouble: function () {
      return this.a * 2
    },
    // both get and set
    aPlus: {
      get: function () {
        return this.a + 1
      },
      set: function (v) {
        this.a = v - 1
      }
    }
  }
})
vm.aPlus   // => 2
vm.aPlus = 3
vm.a       // => 2
vm.aDouble // => 4

See also: Computed Properties

methods

Type: { [key: string]: Function }
Details:

Methods to be mixed into the Vue instance. You can access these methods directly on the VM instance, or use them in directive expressions. All methods will have their this context automatically bound to the Vue instance.

Note that you should not use an arrow function to define a method (e.g. plus: () => this.a++). The reason is arrow functions bind the parent context, so this will not be the Vue instance as you expect and this.a will be undefined.

Example:

var vm = new Vue({
  data: { a: 1 },
  methods: {
    plus: function () {
      this.a++
    }
  }
})
vm.plus()
vm.a // 2

See also: Event Handling

watch

Type: { [key: string]: string | Function | Object | Array}
Details:

An object where keys are expressions to watch and values are the corresponding callbacks. The value can also be a string of a method name, or an Object that contains additional options. The Vue instance will call $watch() for each entry in the object at instantiation.

Example:

var vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    a: 1,
    b: 2,
    c: 3,
    d: 4,
    e: {
      f: {
        g: 5
      }
    }
  },
  watch: {
    a: function (val, oldVal) {
      console.log('new: %s, old: %s', val, oldVal)
    },
    // string method name
    b: 'someMethod',
    // the callback will be called whenever any of the watched object properties change regardless of their nested depth
    c: {
      handler: function (val, oldVal) { /* ... */ },
      deep: true
    },
    // the callback will be called immediately after the start of the observation
    d: {
      handler: 'someMethod',
      immediate: true
    },
    // you can pass array of callbacks, they will be called one-by-one
    e: [
      'handle1',
      function handle2 (val, oldVal) { /* ... */ },
      {
        handler: function handle3 (val, oldVal) { /* ... */ },
        /* ... */
      }
    ],
    // watch vm.e.f's value: {g: 5}
    'e.f': function (val, oldVal) { /* ... */ }
  }
})
vm.a = 2 // => new: 2, old: 1

Note that you should not use an arrow function to define a watcher (e.g. searchQuery: newValue => this.updateAutocomplete(newValue)). The reason is arrow functions bind the parent context, so this will not be the Vue instance as you expect and this.updateAutocomplete will be undefined.

See also: Instance Methods / Data - vm.$watch

Options / DOM

el

Type: string | Element
Restriction: only respected in instance creation via new.
Details:

Provide the Vue instance an existing DOM element to mount on. It can be a CSS selector string or an actual HTMLElement.

After the instance is mounted, the resolved element will be accessible as vm.$el.

If this option is available at instantiation, the instance will immediately enter compilation; otherwise, the user will have to explicitly call vm.$mount() to manually start the compilation.

The provided element merely serves as a mounting point. Unlike in Vue 1.x, the mounted element will be replaced with Vue-generated DOM in all cases. It is therefore not recommended to mount the root instance to <html> or <body>.

If neither render function nor template option is present, the in-DOM HTML of the mounting DOM element will be extracted as the template. In this case, Runtime + Compiler build of Vue should be used.
See also:
- Lifecycle Diagram
- Runtime + Compiler vs. Runtime-only

template

Type: string
Details:

A string template to be used as the markup for the Vue instance. The template will replace the mounted element. Any existing markup inside the mounted element will be ignored, unless content distribution slots are present in the template.

If the string starts with # it will be used as a querySelector and use the selected element’s innerHTML as the template string. This allows the use of the common <script type="x-template"> trick to include templates.

From a security perspective, you should only use Vue templates that you can trust. Never use user-generated content as your template.

If render function is present in the Vue option, the template will be ignored.
See also:
- Lifecycle Diagram
- Content Distribution with Slots

render

Type: (createElement: () => VNode) => VNode
Details:

An alternative to string templates allowing you to leverage the full programmatic power of JavaScript. The render function receives a createElement method as it’s first argument used to create VNodes.

If the component is a functional component, the render function also receives an extra argument context, which provides access to contextual data since functional components are instance-less.

The render function has priority over the render function compiled from template option or in-DOM HTML template of the mounting element which is specified by the el option.
See also: Render Functions

renderError

New in 2.2.0+

Type: (createElement: () => VNode, error: Error) => VNode
Details:

Only works in development mode.

Provide an alternative render output when the default render function encounters an error. The error will be passed to renderError as the second argument. This is particularly useful when used together with hot-reload.

Example:

new Vue({
  render (h) {
    throw new Error('oops')
  },
  renderError (h, err) {
    return h('pre', { style: { color: 'red' }}, err.stack)
  }
}).$mount('#app')

See also: Render Functions

Options / Lifecycle Hooks

All lifecycle hooks automatically have their this context bound to the instance, so that you can access data, computed properties, and methods. This means you should not use an arrow function to define a lifecycle method (e.g. created: () => this.fetchTodos()). The reason is arrow functions bind the parent context, so this will not be the Vue instance as you expect and this.fetchTodos will be undefined.

beforeCreate

Type: Function
Details:

Called synchronously immediately after the instance has been initialized, before data observation and event/watcher setup.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

created

Type: Function
Details:

Called synchronously after the instance is created. At this stage, the instance has finished processing the options which means the following have been set up: data observation, computed properties, methods, watch/event callbacks. However, the mounting phase has not been started, and the $el property will not be available yet.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

beforeMount

Type: Function
Details:

Called right before the mounting begins: the render function is about to be called for the first time.

This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

mounted

Type: Function
Details:

Called after the instance has been mounted, where el is replaced by the newly created vm.$el. If the root instance is mounted to an in-document element, vm.$el will also be in-document when mounted is called.

Note that mounted does not guarantee that all child components have also been mounted. If you want to wait until the entire view has been rendered, you can use vm.$nextTick inside of mounted:
```
mounted: function () {
  this.$nextTick(function () {
    // Code that will run only after the
    // entire view has been rendered
  })
}
```
This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

beforeUpdate

Type: Function
Details:

Called when data changes, before the DOM is patched. This is a good place to access the existing DOM before an update, e.g. to remove manually added event listeners.

This hook is not called during server-side rendering, because only the initial render is performed server-side.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

updated

Type: Function
Details:

Called after a data change causes the virtual DOM to be re-rendered and patched.

The component’s DOM will have been updated when this hook is called, so you can perform DOM-dependent operations here. However, in most cases you should avoid changing state inside the hook. To react to state changes, it’s usually better to use a computed property or watcher instead.

Note that updated does not guarantee that all child components have also been re-rendered. If you want to wait until the entire view has been re-rendered, you can use vm.$nextTick inside of updated:
```
updated: function () {
  this.$nextTick(function () {
    // Code that will run only after the
    // entire view has been re-rendered
  })
}
```
This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

activated

Type: Function
Details:

Called when a kept-alive component is activated.

This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also:
- Built-in Components - keep-alive
- Dynamic Components - keep-alive

deactivated

Type: Function
Details:

Called when a kept-alive component is deactivated.

This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also:
- Built-in Components - keep-alive
- Dynamic Components - keep-alive

beforeDestroy

Type: Function
Details:

Called right before a Vue instance is destroyed. At this stage the instance is still fully functional.

This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

destroyed

Type: Function
Details:

Called after a Vue instance has been destroyed. When this hook is called, all directives of the Vue instance have been unbound, all event listeners have been removed, and all child Vue instances have also been destroyed.

This hook is not called during server-side rendering.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

errorCaptured

New in 2.5.0+

Type: (err: Error, vm: Component, info: string) => ?boolean
Details:

Called when an error from any descendent component is captured. The hook receives three arguments: the error, the component instance that triggered the error, and a string containing information on where the error was captured. The hook can return false to stop the error from propagating further.

You can modify component state in this hook. However, it is important to have conditionals in your template or render function that short circuits other content when an error has been captured; otherwise the component will be thrown into an infinite render loop.

Error Propagation Rules
- By default, all errors are still sent to the global config.errorHandler if it is defined, so that these errors can still be reported to an analytics service in a single place.
- If multiple errorCaptured hooks exist on a component’s inheritance chain or parent chain, all of them will be invoked on the same error.
- If the errorCaptured hook itself throws an error, both this error and the original captured error are sent to the global config.errorHandler.
- An errorCaptured hook can return false to prevent the error from propagating further. This is essentially saying “this error has been handled and should be ignored.” It will prevent any additional errorCaptured hooks or the global config.errorHandler from being invoked for this error.

Options / Assets

directives

Type: Object
Details:

A hash of directives to be made available to the Vue instance.
See also: Custom Directives

filters

Type: Object
Details:

A hash of filters to be made available to the Vue instance.
See also: Vue.filter

components

Type: Object
Details:

A hash of components to be made available to the Vue instance.
See also: Components

Options / Composition

parent

Type: Vue instance
Details:

Specify the parent instance for the instance to be created. Establishes a parent-child relationship between the two. The parent will be accessible as this.$parent for the child, and the child will be pushed into the parent’s $children array.

Use $parent and $children sparingly - they mostly serve as an escape-hatch. Prefer using props and events for parent-child communication.

mixins

Type: Array<Object>
Details:

The mixins option accepts an array of mixin objects. These mixin objects can contain instance options like normal instance objects, and they will be merged against the eventual options using the same option merging logic in Vue.extend(). e.g. If your mixin contains a created hook and the component itself also has one, both functions will be called.

Mixin hooks are called in the order they are provided, and called before the component’s own hooks.

Example:

var mixin = {
  created: function () { console.log(1) }
}
var vm = new Vue({
  created: function () { console.log(2) },
  mixins: [mixin]
})
// => 1
// => 2

See also: Mixins

extends

Type: Object | Function
Details:

Allows declaratively extending another component (could be either a plain options object or a constructor) without having to use Vue.extend. This is primarily intended to make it easier to extend between single file components.

This is similar to mixins.

Example:

var CompA = { ... }

// extend CompA without having to call `Vue.extend` on either
var CompB = {
  extends: CompA,
  ...
}

provide / inject

New in 2.2.0+

Type:
- provide: Object | () => Object
- inject: Array<string> | { [key: string]: string | Symbol | Object }
Details:

provide and inject are primarily provided for advanced plugin / component library use cases. It is NOT recommended to use them in generic application code.

This pair of options are used together to allow an ancestor component to serve as a dependency injector for all its descendants, regardless of how deep the component hierarchy is, as long as they are in the same parent chain. If you are familiar with React, this is very similar to React’s context feature.

The provide option should be an object or a function that returns an object. This object contains the properties that are available for injection into its descendants. You can use ES2015 Symbols as keys in this object, but only in environments that natively support Symbol and Reflect.ownKeys.

The inject option should be either:
- an array of strings, or
- an object where the keys are the local binding name and the value is either:
  - the key (string or Symbol) to search for in available injections, or
  - an object where:
    - the from property is the key (string or Symbol) to search for in available injections, and
    - the default property is used as fallback value
Note: the provide and inject bindings are NOT reactive. This is intentional. However, if you pass down an observed object, properties on that object do remain reactive.

Example:

// parent component providing 'foo'
var Provider = {
  provide: {
    foo: 'bar'
  },
  // ...
}

// child component injecting 'foo'
var Child = {
  inject: ['foo'],
  created () {
    console.log(this.foo) // => "bar"
  }
  // ...
}

With ES2015 Symbols, function provide and object inject:

const s = Symbol()

const Provider = {
  provide () {
    return {
      [s]: 'foo'
    }
  }
}

const Child = {
  inject: { s },
  // ...
}

The next 2 examples work with Vue 2.2.1+. Below that version, injected values were resolved after the props and the data initialization.

Using an injected value as the default for a prop:

const Child = {
  inject: ['foo'],
  props: {
    bar: {
      default () {
        return this.foo
      }
    }
  }
}

Using an injected value as data entry:

const Child = {
  inject: ['foo'],
  data () {
    return {
      bar: this.foo
    }
  }
}

In 2.5.0+ injections can be optional with default value:

const Child = {
  inject: {
    foo: { default: 'foo' }
  }
}

If it needs to be injected from a property with a different name, use from to denote the source property:

const Child = {
  inject: {
    foo: {
      from: 'bar',
      default: 'foo'
    }
  }
}

Similar to prop defaults, you need to use a factory function for non primitive values:

const Child = {
  inject: {
    foo: {
      from: 'bar',
      default: () => [1, 2, 3]
    }
  }
}

Options / Misc

name

Type: string
Restriction: only respected when used as a component option.
Details:

Allow the component to recursively invoke itself in its template. Note that when a component is registered globally with Vue.component(), the global ID is automatically set as its name.

Another benefit of specifying a name option is debugging. Named components result in more helpful warning messages. Also, when inspecting an app in the vue-devtools, unnamed components will show up as <AnonymousComponent>, which isn’t very informative. By providing the name option, you will get a much more informative component tree.

delimiters

Type: Array<string>
Default: ["{{", "}}"]
Restrictions: This option is only available in the full build, with in-browser compilation.
Details:

Change the plain text interpolation delimiters.

Example:

new Vue({
  delimiters: ['${', '}']
})

// Delimiters changed to ES6 template string style

functional

Type: boolean
Details:

Causes a component to be stateless (no data) and instanceless (no this context). They are only a render function that returns virtual nodes making them much cheaper to render.
See also: Functional Components

model

New in 2.2.0

Type: { prop?: string, event?: string }
Details:

Allows a custom component to customize the prop and event used when it’s used with v-model. By default, v-model on a component uses value as the prop and input as the event, but some input types such as checkboxes and radio buttons may want to use the value prop for a different purpose. Using the model option can avoid the conflict in such cases.

Example:

Vue.component('my-checkbox', {
  model: {
    prop: 'checked',
    event: 'change'
  },
  props: {
    // this allows using the `value` prop for a different purpose
    value: String,
    // use `checked` as the prop which take the place of `value`
    checked: {
      type: Number,
      default: 0
    }
  },
  // ...
})

<my-checkbox v-model="foo" value="some value"></my-checkbox>

The above will be equivalent to:

<my-checkbox
  :checked="foo"
  @change="val => { foo = val }"
  value="some value">
</my-checkbox>

inheritAttrs

New in 2.4.0+

Type: boolean
Default: true
Details:

By default, parent scope attribute bindings that are not recognized as props will “fallthrough” and be applied to the root element of the child component as normal HTML attributes. When authoring a component that wraps a target element or another component, this may not always be the desired behavior. By setting inheritAttrs to false, this default behavior can be disabled. The attributes are available via the $attrs instance property (also new in 2.4) and can be explicitly bound to a non-root element using v-bind.

Note: this option does not affect class and style bindings.

comments

New in 2.4.0+

Type: boolean
Default: false
Restrictions: This option is only available in the full build, with in-browser compilation.
Details:

When set to true, will preserve and render HTML comments found in templates. The default behavior is discarding them.

Instance Properties

vm.$data

Type: Object
Details:

The data object that the Vue instance is observing. The Vue instance proxies access to the properties on its data object.
See also: Options / Data - data

vm.$props

New in 2.2.0+

Type: Object
Details:

An object representing the current props a component has received. The Vue instance proxies access to the properties on its props object.

vm.$el

Type: Element
Read only
Details:

The root DOM element that the Vue instance is managing.

vm.$options

Type: Object
Read only
Details:

The instantiation options used for the current Vue instance. This is useful when you want to include custom properties in the options:
```
new Vue({
  customOption: 'foo',
  created: function () {
    console.log(this.$options.customOption) // => 'foo'
  }
})
```

vm.$parent

Type: Vue instance
Read only
Details:

The parent instance, if the current instance has one.

vm.$root

Type: Vue instance
Read only
Details:

The root Vue instance of the current component tree. If the current instance has no parents this value will be itself.

vm.$children

Type: Array<Vue instance>
Read only
Details:

The direct child components of the current instance. Note there’s no order guarantee for $children, and it is not reactive. If you find yourself trying to use $children for data binding, consider using an Array and v-for to generate child components, and use the Array as the source of truth.

vm.$slots

Type: { [name: string]: ?Array<VNode> }
Read only
Reactive? No
Details:

Used to programmatically access content distributed by slots. Each named slot has its own corresponding property (e.g. the contents of v-slot:foo will be found at vm.$slots.foo). The default property contains either nodes not included in a named slot or contents of v-slot:default.

Please note that slots are not reactive. If you need a component to re-render based on changes to data passed to a slot, we suggest considering a different strategy that relies on a reactive instance option, such as props or data.

Note: v-slot:foo is supported in v2.6+. For older versions, you can use the deprecated syntax.

Accessing vm.$slots is most useful when writing a component with a render function.

Example:

<blog-post>
  <template v-slot:header>
    <h1>About Me</h1>
  </template>

  <p>Here's some page content, which will be included in vm.$slots.default, because it's not inside a named slot.</p>

  <template v-slot:footer>
    <p>Copyright 2016 Evan You</p>
  </template>

  <p>If I have some content down here, it will also be included in vm.$slots.default.</p>.
</blog-post>

Vue.component('blog-post', {
  render: function (createElement) {
    var header = this.$slots.header
    var body   = this.$slots.default
    var footer = this.$slots.footer
    return createElement('div', [
      createElement('header', header),
      createElement('main', body),
      createElement('footer', footer)
    ])
  }
})

See also:

vm.$scopedSlots

New in 2.1.0+

Type: { [name: string]: props => Array<VNode> | undefined }
Read only
Details:

Used to programmatically access scoped slots. For each slot, including the default one, the object contains a corresponding function that returns VNodes.

Accessing vm.$scopedSlots is most useful when writing a component with a render function.

Note: since 2.6.0+, there are two notable changes to this property:
1. Scoped slot functions are now guaranteed to return an array of VNodes, unless the return value is invalid, in which case the function will return undefined.
2. All $slots are now also exposed on $scopedSlots as functions. If you work with render functions, it is now recommended to always access slots via $scopedSlots, whether they currently use a scope or not. This will not only make future refactors to add a scope simpler, but also ease your eventual migration to Vue 3, where all slots will be functions.
See also:

vm.$refs

Type: Object
Read only
Details:

An object of DOM elements and component instances, registered with ref attributes.
See also:
- Child Component Refs
- Special Attributes - ref

vm.$isServer

Type: boolean
Read only
Details:

Whether the current Vue instance is running on the server.
See also: Server-Side Rendering

vm.$attrs

New in 2.4.0+

Type: { [key: string]: string }
Read only
Details:

Contains parent-scope attribute bindings (except for class and style) that are not recognized (and extracted) as props. When a component doesn’t have any declared props, this essentially contains all parent-scope bindings (except for class and style), and can be passed down to an inner component via v-bind="$attrs" - useful when creating higher-order components.

vm.$listeners

New in 2.4.0+

Type: { [key: string]: Function | Array<Function> }
Read only
Details:

Contains parent-scope v-on event listeners (without .native modifiers). This can be passed down to an inner component via v-on="$listeners" - useful when creating transparent wrapper components.

Instance Methods / Data

vm.$watch( expOrFn, callback, [options] )

Arguments:
- {string | Function} expOrFn
- {Function | Object} callback
- {Object} [options]
  - {boolean} deep
  - {boolean} immediate
Returns: {Function} unwatch
Usage:

Watch an expression or a computed function on the Vue instance for changes. The callback gets called with the new value and the old value. The expression only accepts dot-delimited paths. For more complex expressions, use a function instead.

Note: when mutating (rather than replacing) an Object or an Array, the old value will be the same as new value because they reference the same Object/Array. Vue doesn’t keep a copy of the pre-mutate value.

Example:

// keypath
vm.$watch('a.b.c', function (newVal, oldVal) {
  // do something
})

// function
vm.$watch(
  function () {
    // every time the expression `this.a + this.b` yields a different result,
    // the handler will be called. It's as if we were watching a computed
    // property without defining the computed property itself
    return this.a + this.b
  },
  function (newVal, oldVal) {
    // do something
  }
)

vm.$watch returns an unwatch function that stops firing the callback:

var unwatch = vm.$watch('a', cb)
// later, teardown the watcher
unwatch()

Option: deep

To also detect nested value changes inside Objects, you need to pass in deep: true in the options argument. Note that you don’t need to do so to listen for Array mutations.
```
vm.$watch('someObject', callback, {
  deep: true
})
vm.someObject.nestedValue = 123
// callback is fired
```

Option: immediate

Passing in immediate: true in the option will trigger the callback immediately with the current value of the expression:

vm.$watch('a', callback, {
  immediate: true
})
// `callback` is fired immediately with current value of `a`

Note that with immediate option you won’t be able to unwatch the given property on the first callback call.

// This will cause an error
var unwatch = vm.$watch(
  'value',
  function () {
    doSomething()
    unwatch()
  },
  { immediate: true }
)

If you still want to call an unwatch function inside the callback, you should check its availability first:

var unwatch = vm.$watch(
  'value',
  function () {
    doSomething()
    if (unwatch) {
      unwatch()
    }
  },
  { immediate: true }
)

vm.$set( target, propertyName/index, value )

Arguments:
- {Object | Array} target
- {string | number} propertyName/index
- {any} value
Returns: the set value.
Usage:

This is the alias of the global Vue.set.
See also: Vue.set

vm.$delete( target, propertyName/index )

Arguments:
- {Object | Array} target
- {string | number} propertyName/index
Usage:

This is the alias of the global Vue.delete.
See also: Vue.delete

Instance Methods / Events

vm.$on( event, callback )

Arguments:
- {string | Array<string>} event (array only supported in 2.2.0+)
- {Function} callback
Usage:

Listen for a custom event on the current vm. Events can be triggered by vm.$emit. The callback will receive all the additional arguments passed into these event-triggering methods.

Example:

vm.$on('test', function (msg) {
  console.log(msg)
})
vm.$emit('test', 'hi')
// => "hi"

vm.$once( event, callback )

Arguments:
- {string} event
- {Function} callback
Usage:

Listen for a custom event, but only once. The listener will be removed once it triggers for the first time.

vm.$off( [event, callback] )

Arguments:
- {string | Array<string>} event (array only supported in 2.2.2+)
- {Function} [callback]
Usage:

Remove custom event listener(s).
- If no arguments are provided, remove all event listeners;
- If only the event is provided, remove all listeners for that event;
- If both event and callback are given, remove the listener for that specific callback only.

vm.$emit( eventName, […args] )

Arguments:
- {string} eventName
- [...args]
Trigger an event on the current instance. Any additional arguments will be passed into the listener’s callback function.

Examples:

Using $emit with only an event name:

Vue.component('welcome-button', {
  template: `
    <button v-on:click="$emit('welcome')">
      Click me to be welcomed
    </button>
  `
})

<div id="emit-example-simple">
  <welcome-button v-on:welcome="sayHi"></welcome-button>
</div>

new Vue({
  el: '#emit-example-simple',
  methods: {
    sayHi: function () {
      alert('Hi!')
    }
  }
})

Using $emit with additional arguments:

Vue.component('magic-eight-ball', {
  data: function () {
    return {
      possibleAdvice: ['Yes', 'No', 'Maybe']
    }
  },
  methods: {
    giveAdvice: function () {
      var randomAdviceIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.possibleAdvice.length)
      this.$emit('give-advice', this.possibleAdvice[randomAdviceIndex])
    }
  },
  template: `
    <button v-on:click="giveAdvice">
      Click me for advice
    </button>
  `
})

<div id="emit-example-argument">
  <magic-eight-ball v-on:give-advice="showAdvice"></magic-eight-ball>
</div>

new Vue({
  el: '#emit-example-argument',
  methods: {
    showAdvice: function (advice) {
      alert(advice)
    }
  }
})

Instance Methods / Lifecycle

vm.$mount( [elementOrSelector] )

Arguments:
- {Element | string} [elementOrSelector]
- {boolean} [hydrating]
Returns: vm - the instance itself
Usage:

If a Vue instance didn’t receive the el option at instantiation, it will be in “unmounted” state, without an associated DOM element. vm.$mount() can be used to manually start the mounting of an unmounted Vue instance.

If elementOrSelector argument is not provided, the template will be rendered as an off-document element, and you will have to use native DOM API to insert it into the document yourself.

The method returns the instance itself so you can chain other instance methods after it.

Example:

var MyComponent = Vue.extend({
  template: '<div>Hello!</div>'
})

// create and mount to #app (will replace #app)
new MyComponent().$mount('#app')

// the above is the same as:
new MyComponent({ el: '#app' })

// or, render off-document and append afterwards:
var component = new MyComponent().$mount()
document.getElementById('app').appendChild(component.$el)

See also:
- Lifecycle Diagram
- Server-Side Rendering

vm.$forceUpdate()

Usage:

Force the Vue instance to re-render. Note it does not affect all child components, only the instance itself and child components with inserted slot content.

vm.$nextTick( [callback] )

Arguments:
- {Function} [callback]
Usage:

Defer the callback to be executed after the next DOM update cycle. Use it immediately after you’ve changed some data to wait for the DOM update. This is the same as the global Vue.nextTick, except that the callback’s this context is automatically bound to the instance calling this method.

New in 2.1.0+: returns a Promise if no callback is provided and Promise is supported in the execution environment. Please note that Vue does not come with a Promise polyfill, so if you target browsers that don’t support Promises natively (looking at you, IE), you will have to provide a polyfill yourself.

Example:

new Vue({
  // ...
  methods: {
    // ...
    example: function () {
      // modify data
      this.message = 'changed'
      // DOM is not updated yet
      this.$nextTick(function () {
        // DOM is now updated
        // `this` is bound to the current instance
        this.doSomethingElse()
      })
    }
  }
})

See also:
- Vue.nextTick
- Async Update Queue

vm.$destroy()

Usage:

Completely destroy a vm. Clean up its connections with other existing vms, unbind all its directives, turn off all event listeners.

Triggers the beforeDestroy and destroyed hooks.

In normal use cases you shouldn’t have to call this method yourself. Prefer controlling the lifecycle of child components in a data-driven fashion using v-if and v-for.
See also: Lifecycle Diagram

Directives

v-text

Expects: string
Details:

Updates the element’s textContent. If you need to update the part of textContent, you should use {{ Mustache }} interpolations.

Example:

<span v-text="msg"></span>
<!-- same as -->
<span>{{msg}}</span>

See also: Data Binding Syntax - Interpolations

v-html

Expects: string
Details:

Updates the element’s innerHTML. Note that the contents are inserted as plain HTML - they will not be compiled as Vue templates. If you find yourself trying to compose templates using v-html, try to rethink the solution by using components instead.

Dynamically rendering arbitrary HTML on your website can be very dangerous because it can easily lead to XSS attacks. Only use v-html on trusted content and never on user-provided content.

In single-file components, scoped styles will not apply to content inside v-html, because that HTML is not processed by Vue’s template compiler. If you want to target v-html content with scoped CSS, you can instead use CSS modules or an additional, global <style> element with a manual scoping strategy such as BEM.
Example:
```
<div v-html="html"></div>
```
See also: Data Binding Syntax - Interpolations

v-show

Expects: any
Usage:

Toggles the element’s display CSS property based on the truthy-ness of the expression value.

This directive triggers transitions when its condition changes.
See also: Conditional Rendering - v-show

v-if

Expects: any
Usage:

Conditionally render the element based on the truthy-ness of the expression value. The element and its contained directives / components are destroyed and re-constructed during toggles. If the element is a <template> element, its content will be extracted as the conditional block.

This directive triggers transitions when its condition changes.

When used together with v-if, v-for has a higher priority than v-if. See the list rendering guide for details.
See also: Conditional Rendering - v-if

v-else

Does not expect expression
Restriction: previous sibling element must have v-if or v-else-if.

Usage:

Denote the “else block” for v-if or a v-if/v-else-if chain.

<div v-if="Math.random() > 0.5">
  Now you see me
</div>
<div v-else>
  Now you don't
</div>

See also: Conditional Rendering - v-else

v-else-if

New in 2.1.0+

Expects: any
Restriction: previous sibling element must have v-if or v-else-if.

Usage:

Denote the “else if block” for v-if. Can be chained.

<div v-if="type === 'A'">
  A
</div>
<div v-else-if="type === 'B'">
  B
</div>
<div v-else-if="type === 'C'">
  C
</div>
<div v-else>
  Not A/B/C
</div>

See also: Conditional Rendering - v-else-if

v-for

Expects: Array | Object | number | string | Iterable (since 2.6)
Usage:

Render the element or template block multiple times based on the source data. The directive’s value must use the special syntax alias in expression to provide an alias for the current element being iterated on:
```
<div v-for="item in items">
  {{ item.text }}
</div>
```
Alternatively, you can also specify an alias for the index (or the key if used on an Object):
```
<div v-for="(item, index) in items"></div>
<div v-for="(val, key) in object"></div>
<div v-for="(val, name, index) in object"></div>
```
The default behavior of v-for will try to patch the elements in-place without moving them. To force it to reorder elements, you need to provide an ordering hint with the key special attribute:
```
<div v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">
  {{ item.text }}
</div>
```
In 2.6+, v-for can also work on values that implement the Iterable Protocol, including native Map and Set. However, it should be noted that Vue 2.x currently does not support reactivity on Map and Set values, so cannot automatically detect changes.

When used together with v-if, v-for has a higher priority than v-if. See the list rendering guide for details.

The detailed usage for v-for is explained in the guide section linked below.
See also:
- List Rendering
- key

v-on

Shorthand: @
Expects: Function | Inline Statement | Object
Argument: event
Modifiers:
- .stop - call event.stopPropagation().
- .prevent - call event.preventDefault().
- .capture - add event listener in capture mode.
- .self - only trigger handler if event was dispatched from this element.
- .{keyCode | keyAlias} - only trigger handler on certain keys.
- .native - listen for a native event on the root element of component.
- .once - trigger handler at most once.
- .left - (2.2.0+) only trigger handler for left button mouse events.
- .right - (2.2.0+) only trigger handler for right button mouse events.
- .middle - (2.2.0+) only trigger handler for middle button mouse events.
- .passive - (2.3.0+) attaches a DOM event with { passive: true }.
Usage:

Attaches an event listener to the element. The event type is denoted by the argument. The expression can be a method name, an inline statement, or omitted if there are modifiers present.

When used on a normal element, it listens to native DOM events only. When used on a custom element component, it listens to custom events emitted on that child component.

When listening to native DOM events, the method receives the native event as the only argument. If using inline statement, the statement has access to the special $event property: v-on:click="handle('ok', $event)".

Starting in 2.4.0+, v-on also supports binding to an object of event/listener pairs without an argument. Note when using the object syntax, it does not support any modifiers.

Example:

<!-- method handler -->
<button v-on:click="doThis"></button>

<!-- dynamic event (2.6.0+) -->
<button v-on:[event]="doThis"></button>

<!-- inline statement -->
<button v-on:click="doThat('hello', $event)"></button>

<!-- shorthand -->
<button @click="doThis"></button>

<!-- shorthand dynamic event (2.6.0+) -->
<button @[event]="doThis"></button>

<!-- stop propagation -->
<button @click.stop="doThis"></button>

<!-- prevent default -->
<button @click.prevent="doThis"></button>

<!-- prevent default without expression -->
<form @submit.prevent></form>

<!-- chain modifiers -->
<button @click.stop.prevent="doThis"></button>

<!-- key modifier using keyAlias -->
<input @keyup.enter="onEnter">

<!-- key modifier using keyCode -->
<input @keyup.13="onEnter">

<!-- the click event will be triggered at most once -->
<button v-on:click.once="doThis"></button>

<!-- object syntax (2.4.0+) -->
<button v-on="{ mousedown: doThis, mouseup: doThat }"></button>

Listening to custom events on a child component (the handler is called when “my-event” is emitted on the child):

<my-component @my-event="handleThis"></my-component>

<!-- inline statement -->
<my-component @my-event="handleThis(123, $event)"></my-component>

<!-- native event on component -->
<my-component @click.native="onClick"></my-component>

See also:
- Event Handling
- Components - Custom Events

v-bind

Shorthand: :
Expects: any (with argument) | Object (without argument)
Argument: attrOrProp (optional)
Modifiers:
- .prop - Bind as a DOM property instead of an attribute (what’s the difference?). If the tag is a component then .prop will set the property on the component’s $el.
- .camel - (2.1.0+) transform the kebab-case attribute name into camelCase.
- .sync - (2.3.0+) a syntax sugar that expands into a v-on handler for updating the bound value.
Usage:

Dynamically bind one or more attributes, or a component prop to an expression.

When used to bind the class or style attribute, it supports additional value types such as Array or Objects. See linked guide section below for more details.

When used for prop binding, the prop must be properly declared in the child component.

When used without an argument, can be used to bind an object containing attribute name-value pairs. Note in this mode class and style does not support Array or Objects.

Example:

<!-- bind an attribute -->
<img v-bind:src="imageSrc">

<!-- dynamic attribute name (2.6.0+) -->
<button v-bind:[key]="value"></button>

<!-- shorthand -->
<img :src="imageSrc">

<!-- shorthand dynamic attribute name (2.6.0+) -->
<button :[key]="value"></button>

<!-- with inline string concatenation -->
<img :src="'/path/to/images/' + fileName">

<!-- class binding -->
<div :class="{ red: isRed }"></div>
<div :class="[classA, classB]"></div>
<div :class="[classA, { classB: isB, classC: isC }]">

<!-- style binding -->
<div :style="{ fontSize: size + 'px' }"></div>
<div :style="[styleObjectA, styleObjectB]"></div>

<!-- binding an object of attributes -->
<div v-bind="{ id: someProp, 'other-attr': otherProp }"></div>

<!-- DOM attribute binding with prop modifier -->
<div v-bind:text-content.prop="text"></div>

<!-- prop binding. "prop" must be declared in my-component. -->
<my-component :prop="someThing"></my-component>

<!-- pass down parent props in common with a child component -->
<child-component v-bind="$props"></child-component>

<!-- XLink -->
<svg><a :xlink:special="foo"></a></svg>

The .camel modifier allows camelizing a v-bind attribute name when using in-DOM templates, e.g. the SVG viewBox attribute:

<svg :view-box.camel="viewBox"></svg>

.camel is not needed if you are using string templates, or compiling with vue-loader/vueify.

See also:

v-model

Expects: varies based on value of form inputs element or output of components
Limited to:
- <input>
- <select>
- <textarea>
- components
Modifiers:
- .lazy - listen to change events instead of input
- .number - cast valid input string to numbers
- .trim - trim input
Usage:

Create a two-way binding on a form input element or a component. For detailed usage and other notes, see the Guide section linked below.
See also:
- Form Input Bindings
- Components - Form Input Components using Custom Events

v-slot

Shorthand: #
Expects: JavaScript expression that is valid in a function argument position (supports destructuring in supported environments). Optional - only needed if expecting props to be passed to the slot.
Argument: slot name (optional, defaults to default)
Limited to:
- <template>
- components (for a lone default slot with props)
Usage:

Denote named slots or slots that expect to receive props.

Example:

<!-- Named slots -->
<base-layout>
  <template v-slot:header>
    Header content
  </template>

  Default slot content

  <template v-slot:footer>
    Footer content
  </template>
</base-layout>

<!-- Named slot that receives props -->
<infinite-scroll>
  <template v-slot:item="slotProps">
    <div class="item">
      {{ slotProps.item.text }}
    </div>
  </template>
</infinite-scroll>

<!-- Default slot that receive props, with destructuring -->
<mouse-position v-slot="{ x, y }">
  Mouse position: {{ x }}, {{ y }}
</mouse-position>

For more details, see the links below.

See also:
- Components - Slots
- RFC-0001

v-pre

Does not expect expression
Usage:

Skip compilation for this element and all its children. You can use this for displaying raw mustache tags. Skipping large numbers of nodes with no directives on them can also speed up compilation.

Example:

<span v-pre>{{ this will not be compiled }}</span>

v-cloak

Does not expect expression
Usage:

This directive will remain on the element until the associated Vue instance finishes compilation. Combined with CSS rules such as [v-cloak] { display: none }, this directive can be used to hide un-compiled mustache bindings until the Vue instance is ready.

Example:

[v-cloak] {
  display: none;
}

<div v-cloak>
  {{ message }}
</div>

The <div> will not be visible until the compilation is done.

v-once

Does not expect expression

Details:

Render the element and component once only. On subsequent re-renders, the element/component and all its children will be treated as static content and skipped. This can be used to optimize update performance.

<!-- single element -->
<span v-once>This will never change: {{msg}}</span>
<!-- the element have children -->
<div v-once>
  <h1>comment</h1>
  <p>{{msg}}</p>
</div>
<!-- component -->
<my-component v-once :comment="msg"></my-component>
<!-- `v-for` directive -->
<ul>
  <li v-for="i in list" v-once>{{i}}</li>
</ul>

See also:
- Data Binding Syntax - interpolations
- Components - Cheap Static Components with v-once

Special Attributes

key

Expects: number | string | boolean (since 2.4.2) | symbol (since 2.5.12)

The key special attribute is primarily used as a hint for Vue’s virtual DOM algorithm to identify VNodes when diffing the new list of nodes against the old list. Without keys, Vue uses an algorithm that minimizes element movement and tries to patch/reuse elements of the same type in-place as much as possible. With keys, it will reorder elements based on the order change of keys, and elements with keys that are no longer present will always be removed/destroyed.

Children of the same common parent must have unique keys. Duplicate keys will cause render errors.

The most common use case is combined with v-for:
```
<ul>
  <li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">...</li>
</ul>
```
It can also be used to force replacement of an element/component instead of reusing it. This can be useful when you want to:
- Properly trigger lifecycle hooks of a component
- Trigger transitions
For example:
```
<transition>
  <span :key="text">{{ text }}</span>
</transition>
```
When text changes, the <span> will always be replaced instead of patched, so a transition will be triggered.

ref

Expects: string

ref is used to register a reference to an element or a child component. The reference will be registered under the parent component’s $refs object. If used on a plain DOM element, the reference will be that element; if used on a child component, the reference will be component instance:
```

<p ref="p">hello</p>


<child-component ref="child"></child-component>
```
When used on elements/components with v-for, the registered reference will be an Array containing DOM nodes or component instances.

An important note about the ref registration timing: because the refs themselves are created as a result of the render function, you cannot access them on the initial render - they don’t exist yet! $refs is also non-reactive, therefore you should not attempt to use it in templates for data-binding.
See also: Child Component Refs

is

Expects: string | Object (component’s options object)

Used for dynamic components and to work around limitations of in-DOM templates.

For example:

<!-- component changes when currentView changes -->
<component v-bind:is="currentView"></component>

<!-- necessary because `<my-row>` would be invalid inside -->
<!-- a `<table>` element and so would be hoisted out      -->
<table>
  <tr is="my-row"></tr>
</table>

For detailed usage, follow the links in the description above.

See also:
- Dynamic Components
- DOM Template Parsing Caveats

slot ^deprecated

Prefer v-slot in 2.6.0+.

Expects: string

Used on content inserted into child components to indicate which named slot the content belongs to.
See also: Named Slots with slot

slot-scope ^deprecated

Prefer v-slot in 2.6.0+.

Expects: function argument expression
Usage:

Used to denote an element or component as a scoped slot. The attribute’s value should be a valid JavaScript expression that can appear in the argument position of a function signature. This means in supported environments you can also use ES2015 destructuring in the expression. Serves as a replacement for scope in 2.5.0+.

This attribute does not support dynamic binding.
See also: Scoped Slots with slot-scope

scope ^removed

Replaced by slot-scope in 2.5.0+. Prefer v-slot in 2.6.0+.

Used to denote a <template> element as a scoped slot.

Usage:

Same as slot-scope except that scope can only be used on <template> elements.

Built-In Components

component

Props:
- is - string | ComponentDefinition | ComponentConstructor
- inline-template - boolean

Usage:

A “meta component” for rendering dynamic components. The actual component to render is determined by the is prop:

<!-- a dynamic component controlled by -->
<!-- the `componentId` property on the vm -->
<component :is="componentId"></component>

<!-- can also render registered component or component passed as prop -->
<component :is="$options.components.child"></component>

See also: Dynamic Components

transition

Props:
- name - string, Used to automatically generate transition CSS class names. e.g. name: 'fade' will auto expand to .fade-enter, .fade-enter-active, etc. Defaults to "v".
- appear - boolean, Whether to apply transition on initial render. Defaults to false.
- css - boolean, Whether to apply CSS transition classes. Defaults to true. If set to false, will only trigger JavaScript hooks registered via component events.
- type - string, Specifies the type of transition events to wait for to determine transition end timing. Available values are "transition" and "animation". By default, it will automatically detect the type that has a longer duration.
- mode - string, Controls the timing sequence of leaving/entering transitions. Available modes are "out-in" and "in-out"; defaults to simultaneous.
- duration - number | { enter: number, leave: number }, Specifies the duration of transition. By default, Vue waits for the first transitionend or animationend event on the root transition element.
- enter-class - string
- leave-class - string
- appear-class - string
- enter-to-class - string
- leave-to-class - string
- appear-to-class - string
- enter-active-class - string
- leave-active-class - string
- appear-active-class - string
Events:
- before-enter
- before-leave
- before-appear
- enter
- leave
- appear
- after-enter
- after-leave
- after-appear
- enter-cancelled
- leave-cancelled (v-show only)
- appear-cancelled

Usage:

<transition> serve as transition effects for single element/component. The <transition> only applies the transition behavior to the wrapped content inside; it doesn’t render an extra DOM element, or show up in the inspected component hierarchy.

<!-- simple element -->
<transition>
  <div v-if="ok">toggled content</div>
</transition>

<!-- dynamic component -->
<transition name="fade" mode="out-in" appear>
  <component :is="view"></component>
</transition>

<!-- event hooking -->
<div id="transition-demo">
  <transition @after-enter="transitionComplete">
    <div v-show="ok">toggled content</div>
  </transition>
</div>

new Vue({
  ...
  methods: {
    transitionComplete: function (el) {
      // for passed 'el' that DOM element as the argument, something ...
    }
  }
  ...
}).$mount('#transition-demo')

See also: Transitions: Entering, Leaving, and Lists

transition-group

Props:
- tag - string, defaults to span.
- move-class - overwrite CSS class applied during moving transition.
- exposes the same props as <transition> except mode.
Events:
- exposes the same events as <transition>.
Usage:

<transition-group> serve as transition effects for multiple elements/components. The <transition-group> renders a real DOM element. By default it renders a <span>, and you can configure what element it should render via the tag attribute.

Note that every child in a <transition-group> must be uniquely keyed for the animations to work properly.

<transition-group> supports moving transitions via CSS transform. When a child’s position on screen has changed after an update, it will get applied a moving CSS class (auto generated from the name attribute or configured with the move-class attribute). If the CSS transform property is “transition-able” when the moving class is applied, the element will be smoothly animated to its destination using the FLIP technique.
```
<transition-group tag="ul" name="slide">
  <li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">
    {{ item.text }}
  </li>
</transition-group>
```
See also: Transitions: Entering, Leaving, and Lists

keep-alive

Props:
- include - string or RegExp or Array. Only components with matching names will be cached.
- exclude - string or RegExp or Array. Any component with a matching name will not be cached.
- max - number. The maximum number of component instances to cache.
Usage:

When wrapped around a dynamic component, <keep-alive> caches the inactive component instances without destroying them. Similar to <transition>, <keep-alive> is an abstract component: it doesn’t render a DOM element itself, and doesn’t show up in the component parent chain.

When a component is toggled inside <keep-alive>, its activated and deactivated lifecycle hooks will be invoked accordingly.

In 2.2.0+ and above, activated and deactivated will fire for all nested components inside a <keep-alive> tree.

Primarily used to preserve component state or avoid re-rendering.
```

<keep-alive>
  <component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>


<keep-alive>
  <comp-a v-if="a > 1"></comp-a>
  <comp-b v-else></comp-b>
</keep-alive>


<transition>
  <keep-alive>
    <component :is="view"></component>
  </keep-alive>
</transition>
```
Note, <keep-alive> is designed for the case where it has one direct child component that is being toggled. It does not work if you have v-for inside it. When there are multiple conditional children, as above, <keep-alive> requires that only one child is rendered at a time.
include and exclude

New in 2.1.0+

The include and exclude props allow components to be conditionally cached. Both props can be a comma-delimited string, a RegExp or an Array:
```

<keep-alive include="a,b">
  <component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>


<keep-alive :include="/a|b/">
  <component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>


<keep-alive :include="['a', 'b']">
  <component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>
```
The match is first checked on the component’s own name option, then its local registration name (the key in the parent’s components option) if the name option is not available. Anonymous components cannot be matched against.
max

New in 2.5.0+

The maximum number of component instances to cache. Once this number is reached, the cached component instance that was least recently accessed will be destroyed before creating a new instance.
```
<keep-alive :max="10">
  <component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>
```
<keep-alive> does not work with functional components because they do not have instances to be cached.
See also: Dynamic Components - keep-alive

slot

Props:
- name - string, Used for named slot.
Usage:

<slot> serve as content distribution outlets in component templates. <slot> itself will be replaced.

For detailed usage, see the guide section linked below.
See also: Content Distribution with Slots

VNode Interface

Please refer to the VNode class declaration.

Server-Side Rendering

Please refer to the vue-server-renderer package documentation.