class OpenStruct
An OpenStruct is a data structure, similar to a Hash, that allows the definition of arbitrary attributes with their accompanying values. This is accomplished by using Ruby's metaprogramming to define methods on the class itself.
Examples
require "ostruct" person = OpenStruct.new person.name = "John Smith" person.age = 70 person.name # => "John Smith" person.age # => 70 person.address # => nil
An OpenStruct employs a Hash internally to store the attributes and values and can even be initialized with one:
australia = OpenStruct.new(:country => "Australia", :capital => "Canberra") # => #<OpenStruct country="Australia", capital="Canberra">
Hash keys with spaces or characters that could normally not be used for method calls (e.g. ()[]*
) will not be immediately available on the OpenStruct object as a method for retrieval or assignment, but can still be reached through the Object#send method.
measurements = OpenStruct.new("length (in inches)" => 24) measurements.send("length (in inches)") # => 24 message = OpenStruct.new(:queued? => true) message.queued? # => true message.send("queued?=", false) message.queued? # => false
Removing the presence of an attribute requires the execution of the #delete_field method as setting the property value to nil
will not remove the attribute.
first_pet = OpenStruct.new(:name => "Rowdy", :owner => "John Smith") second_pet = OpenStruct.new(:name => "Rowdy") first_pet.owner = nil first_pet # => #<OpenStruct name="Rowdy", owner=nil> first_pet == second_pet # => false first_pet.delete_field(:owner) first_pet # => #<OpenStruct name="Rowdy"> first_pet == second_pet # => true
Implementation
An OpenStruct utilizes Ruby's method lookup structure to find and define the necessary methods for properties. This is accomplished through the methods method_missing and define_singleton_method.
This should be a consideration if there is a concern about the performance of the objects that are created, as there is much more overhead in the setting of these properties compared to using a Hash or a Struct.
Public Class Methods
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 90 def initialize(hash=nil) @table = {} if hash hash.each_pair do |k, v| k = k.to_sym @table[k] = v end end end
Creates a new OpenStruct object. By default, the resulting OpenStruct object will have no attributes.
The optional hash
, if given, will generate attributes and values (can be a Hash, an OpenStruct or a Struct). For example:
require "ostruct" hash = { "country" => "Australia", :capital => "Canberra" } data = OpenStruct.new(hash) data # => #<OpenStruct country="Australia", capital="Canberra">
Public Instance Methods
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 346 def ==(other) return false unless other.kind_of?(OpenStruct) @table == other.table! end
Compares this object and other
for equality. An OpenStruct is equal to other
when other
is an OpenStruct and the two objects' Hash tables are equal.
require "ostruct" first_pet = OpenStruct.new("name" => "Rowdy") second_pet = OpenStruct.new(:name => "Rowdy") third_pet = OpenStruct.new("name" => "Rowdy", :age => nil) first_pet == second_pet # => true first_pet == third_pet # => false
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 226 def [](name) @table[name.to_sym] end
Returns the value of an attribute.
require "ostruct" person = OpenStruct.new("name" => "John Smith", "age" => 70) person[:age] # => 70, same as person.age
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 241 def []=(name, value) modifiable?[new_ostruct_member!(name)] = value end
Sets the value of an attribute.
require "ostruct" person = OpenStruct.new("name" => "John Smith", "age" => 70) person[:age] = 42 # equivalent to person.age = 42 person.age # => 42
# File ext/json/lib/json/add/ostruct.rb, line 17 def as_json(*) klass = self.class.name klass.to_s.empty? and raise JSON::JSONError, "Only named structs are supported!" { JSON.create_id => klass, 't' => table, } end
Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON object and represent this object.
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 290 def delete_field(name) sym = name.to_sym begin singleton_class.__send__(:remove_method, sym, "#{sym}=") rescue NameError end @table.delete(sym) do raise NameError.new("no field `#{sym}' in #{self}", sym) end end
Removes the named field from the object. Returns the value that the field contained if it was defined.
require "ostruct" person = OpenStruct.new(name: "John", age: 70, pension: 300) person.delete_field("age") # => 70 person # => #<OpenStruct name="John", pension=300>
Setting the value to nil
will not remove the attribute:
person.pension = nil person # => #<OpenStruct name="John", pension=nil>
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 265 def dig(name, *names) begin name = name.to_sym rescue NoMethodError raise TypeError, "#{name} is not a symbol nor a string" end @table.dig(name, *names) end
Extracts the nested value specified by the sequence of name
objects by calling dig
at each step, returning nil
if any intermediate step is nil
.
require "ostruct" address = OpenStruct.new("city" => "Anytown NC", "zip" => 12345) person = OpenStruct.new("name" => "John Smith", "address" => address) person.dig(:address, "zip") # => 12345 person.dig(:business_address, "zip") # => nil data = OpenStruct.new(:array => [1, [2, 3]]) data.dig(:array, 1, 0) # => 2 data.dig(:array, 0, 0) # TypeError: Integer does not have #dig method
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 130 def each_pair return to_enum(__method__) { @table.size } unless block_given? @table.each_pair{|p| yield p} self end
Yields all attributes (as symbols) along with the corresponding values or returns an enumerator if no block is given.
require "ostruct" data = OpenStruct.new("country" => "Australia", :capital => "Canberra") data.each_pair.to_a # => [[:country, "Australia"], [:capital, "Canberra"]]
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 356 def eql?(other) return false unless other.kind_of?(OpenStruct) @table.eql?(other.table!) end
Compares this object and other
for equality. An OpenStruct is eql? to other
when other
is an OpenStruct and the two objects' Hash tables are eql?.
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 187 def freeze @table.each_key {|key| new_ostruct_member!(key)} super end
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 366 def hash @table.hash end
Computes a hash code for this OpenStruct. Two OpenStruct objects with the same content will have the same hash code (and will compare using eql?).
See also Object#hash.
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 306 def inspect str = "#<#{self.class}" ids = (Thread.current[InspectKey] ||= []) if ids.include?(object_id) return str << ' ...>' end ids << object_id begin first = true for k,v in @table str << "," unless first first = false str << " #{k}=#{v.inspect}" end return str << '>' ensure ids.pop end end
Returns a string containing a detailed summary of the keys and values.
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 139 def marshal_dump @table end
Provides marshalling support for use by the Marshal library.
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 146 def marshal_load(x) @table = x end
Provides marshalling support for use by the Marshal library.
# File lib/ostruct.rb, line 114 def to_h @table.dup end
Converts the OpenStruct to a hash with keys representing each attribute (as symbols) and their corresponding values.
require "ostruct" data = OpenStruct.new("country" => "Australia", :capital => "Canberra") data.to_h # => {:country => "Australia", :capital => "Canberra" }
# File ext/json/lib/json/add/ostruct.rb, line 28 def to_json(*args) as_json.to_json(*args) end
Stores class name (OpenStruct) with this struct's values v
as a JSON string.
Ruby Core © 1993–2017 Yukihiro Matsumoto
Licensed under the Ruby License.
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Licensed under their own licenses.