module ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements
Public Instance Methods
Adds a new column to the named table. See ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 372 def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) at = create_alter_table table_name at.add_column(column_name, type, options) execute schema_creation.accept at end
Adds a new index to the table. column_name
can be a single Symbol, or an Array of Symbols.
The index will be named after the table and the column name(s), unless you pass :name
as an option.
Creating a simple index
add_index(:suppliers, :name)
generates:
CREATE INDEX suppliers_name_index ON suppliers(name)
Creating a unique index
add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], unique: true)
generates:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX accounts_branch_id_party_id_index ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
Creating a named index
add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], unique: true, name: 'by_branch_party')
generates:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX by_branch_party ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
Creating an index with specific key length
add_index(:accounts, :name, name: 'by_name', length: 10)
generates:
CREATE INDEX by_name ON accounts(name(10)) add_index(:accounts, [:name, :surname], name: 'by_name_surname', length: {name: 10, surname: 15})
generates:
CREATE INDEX by_name_surname ON accounts(name(10), surname(15))
Note: SQLite doesn't support index length.
Creating an index with a sort order (desc or asc, asc is the default)
add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id, :surname], order: {branch_id: :desc, party_id: :asc})
generates:
CREATE INDEX by_branch_desc_party ON accounts(branch_id DESC, party_id ASC, surname)
Note: MySQL doesn't yet support index order (it accepts the syntax but ignores it).
Creating a partial index
add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], unique: true, where: "active")
generates:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_accounts_on_branch_id_and_party_id ON accounts(branch_id, party_id) WHERE active
Creating an index with a specific method
add_index(:developers, :name, using: 'btree')
generates:
CREATE INDEX index_developers_on_name ON developers USING btree (name) -- PostgreSQL CREATE INDEX index_developers_on_name USING btree ON developers (name) -- MySQL
Note: only supported by PostgreSQL and MySQL
Creating an index with a specific type
add_index(:developers, :name, type: :fulltext)
generates:
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX index_developers_on_name ON developers (name) -- MySQL
Note: only supported by MySQL. Supported: :fulltext
and :spatial
on MyISAM tables.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 535 def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options) execute "CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} (#{index_columns})#{index_options}" end
Adds a reference. Optionally adds a type
column, if :polymorphic
option is provided. add_reference
and add_belongs_to
are acceptable.
Create a user_id column
add_reference(:products, :user)
Create a supplier_id and supplier_type columns
add_belongs_to(:products, :supplier, polymorphic: true)
Create a supplier_id, supplier_type columns and appropriate index
add_reference(:products, :supplier, polymorphic: true, index: true)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 619 def add_reference(table_name, ref_name, options = {}) polymorphic = options.delete(:polymorphic) index_options = options.delete(:index) add_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_id", :integer, options) add_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_type", :string, polymorphic.is_a?(Hash) ? polymorphic : options) if polymorphic add_index(table_name, polymorphic ? %w[id type].map{ |t| "#{ref_name}_#{t}" } : "#{ref_name}_id", index_options.is_a?(Hash) ? index_options : {}) if index_options end
Adds timestamps (created_at
and updated_at
) columns to the named table.
add_timestamps(:suppliers)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 725 def add_timestamps(table_name, options = {}) add_column table_name, :created_at, :datetime, options add_column table_name, :updated_at, :datetime, options end
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 659 def assume_migrated_upto_version(version, migrations_paths = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_paths) migrations_paths = Array(migrations_paths) version = version.to_i sm_table = quote_table_name(ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name) migrated = select_values("SELECT version FROM #{sm_table}").map { |v| v.to_i } paths = migrations_paths.map {|p| "#{p}/[0-9]*_*.rb" } versions = Dir[*paths].map do |filename| filename.split('/').last.split('_').first.to_i end unless migrated.include?(version) execute "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{version}')" end inserted = Set.new (versions - migrated).each do |v| if inserted.include?(v) raise "Duplicate migration #{v}. Please renumber your migrations to resolve the conflict." elsif v < version execute "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{v}')" inserted << v end end end
Changes the column's definition according to the new options. See ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
change_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, limit: 80) change_column(:accounts, :description, :text)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 406 def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) raise NotImplementedError, "change_column is not implemented" end
Sets a new default value for a column:
change_column_default(:suppliers, :qualification, 'new') change_column_default(:accounts, :authorized, 1)
Setting the default to nil
effectively drops the default:
change_column_default(:users, :email, nil)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 419 def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) raise NotImplementedError, "change_column_default is not implemented" end
Sets or removes a +NOT NULL+ constraint on a column. The null
flag indicates whether the value can be NULL
. For example
change_column_null(:users, :nickname, false)
says nicknames cannot be NULL
(adds the constraint), whereas
change_column_null(:users, :nickname, true)
allows them to be NULL
(drops the constraint).
The method accepts an optional fourth argument to replace existing +NULL+s with some other value. Use that one when enabling the constraint if needed, since otherwise those rows would not be valid.
Please note the fourth argument does not set a column's default.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 439 def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) raise NotImplementedError, "change_column_null is not implemented" end
A block for changing columns in table
.
# change_table() yields a Table instance change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.column :name, :string, limit: 60 # Other column alterations here end
The options
hash can include the following keys:
-
:bulk
-
Set this to true to make this a bulk alter query, such as
ALTER TABLE `users` ADD COLUMN age INT(11), ADD COLUMN birthdate DATETIME ...
Defaults to false.
Add a column
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.column :name, :string, limit: 60 end
Add 2 integer columns
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.integer :width, :height, null: false, default: 0 end
Add created_at/updated_at columns
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.timestamps end
Add a foreign key column
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.references :company end
Creates a company_id(integer)
column.
Add a polymorphic foreign key column
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.belongs_to :company, polymorphic: true end
Creates company_type(varchar)
and company_id(integer)
columns.
Remove a column
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.remove :company end
Remove several columns
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.remove :company_id t.remove :width, :height end
Remove an index
change_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.remove_index :company_id end
See also Table for details on all of the various column transformation.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 343 def change_table(table_name, options = {}) if supports_bulk_alter? && options[:bulk] recorder = ActiveRecord::Migration::CommandRecorder.new(self) yield update_table_definition(table_name, recorder) bulk_change_table(table_name, recorder.commands) else yield update_table_definition(table_name, self) end end
Checks to see if a column exists in a given table.
# Check a column exists column_exists?(:suppliers, :name) # Check a column exists of a particular type column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string) # Check a column exists with a specific definition column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string, limit: 100) column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string, default: 'default') column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string, null: false) column_exists?(:suppliers, :tax, :decimal, precision: 8, scale: 2)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 73 def column_exists?(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {}) columns(table_name).any?{ |c| c.name == column_name.to_s && (!type || c.type == type) && (!options.key?(:limit) || c.limit == options[:limit]) && (!options.key?(:precision) || c.precision == options[:precision]) && (!options.key?(:scale) || c.scale == options[:scale]) && (!options.key?(:default) || c.default == options[:default]) && (!options.key?(:null) || c.null == options[:null]) } end
Returns an array of Column objects for the table specified by table_name
. See the concrete implementation for details on the expected parameter values.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 57 def columns(table_name) end
Creates a new join table with the name created using the lexical order of the first two arguments. These arguments can be a String or a Symbol.
# Creates a table called 'assemblies_parts' with no id. create_join_table(:assemblies, :parts)
You can pass a options
hash can include the following keys:
-
:table_name
-
Sets the table name overriding the default
-
:column_options
-
Any extra options you want appended to the columns definition.
-
:options
-
Any extra options you want appended to the table definition.
-
:temporary
-
Make a temporary table.
-
:force
-
Set to true to drop the table before creating it. Defaults to false.
Note that create_join_table
does not create any indices by default; you can use its block form to do so yourself:
create_join_table :products, :categories do |t| t.index :product_id t.index :category_id end
Add a backend specific option to the generated SQL (MySQL)
create_join_table(:assemblies, :parts, options: 'ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8')
generates:
CREATE TABLE assemblies_parts ( assembly_id int NOT NULL, part_id int NOT NULL, ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 247 def create_join_table(table_1, table_2, options = {}) join_table_name = find_join_table_name(table_1, table_2, options) column_options = options.delete(:column_options) || {} column_options.reverse_merge!(null: false) t1_column, t2_column = [table_1, table_2].map{ |t| t.to_s.singularize.foreign_key } create_table(join_table_name, options.merge!(id: false)) do |td| td.integer t1_column, column_options td.integer t2_column, column_options yield td if block_given? end end
Creates a new table with the name table_name
. table_name
may either be a String or a Symbol.
There are two ways to work with create_table
. You can use the block form or the regular form, like this:
Block form
# create_table() passes a TableDefinition object to the block. # This form will not only create the table, but also columns for the # table. create_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.column :name, :string, limit: 60 # Other fields here end
Block form, with shorthand
# You can also use the column types as method calls, rather than calling the column method. create_table(:suppliers) do |t| t.string :name, limit: 60 # Other fields here end
Regular form
# Creates a table called 'suppliers' with no columns. create_table(:suppliers) # Add a column to 'suppliers'. add_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, {limit: 60})
The options
hash can include the following keys:
-
:id
-
Whether to automatically add a primary key column. Defaults to true. Join tables for
has_and_belongs_to_many
should set it to false. -
:primary_key
-
The name of the primary key, if one is to be added automatically. Defaults to
id
. If:id
is false this option is ignored.Note that Active Record models will automatically detect their primary key. This can be avoided by using
self.primary_key=
on the model to define the key explicitly. -
:options
-
Any extra options you want appended to the table definition.
-
:temporary
-
Make a temporary table.
-
:force
-
Set to true to drop the table before creating it. Defaults to false.
-
:as
-
SQL to use to generate the table. When this option is used, the block is ignored, as are the
:id
and:primary_key
options.
Add a backend specific option to the generated SQL (MySQL)
create_table(:suppliers, options: 'ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8')
generates:
CREATE TABLE suppliers ( id int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
Rename the primary key column
create_table(:objects, primary_key: 'guid') do |t| t.column :name, :string, limit: 80 end
generates:
CREATE TABLE objects ( guid int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY, name varchar(80) )
Do not add a primary key column
create_table(:categories_suppliers, id: false) do |t| t.column :category_id, :integer t.column :supplier_id, :integer end
generates:
CREATE TABLE categories_suppliers ( category_id int, supplier_id int )
Create a temporary table based on a query
create_table(:long_query, temporary: true, as: "SELECT * FROM orders INNER JOIN line_items ON order_id=orders.id")
generates:
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE long_query AS SELECT * FROM orders INNER JOIN line_items ON order_id=orders.id
See also ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details on how to create columns.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 186 def create_table(table_name, options = {}) td = create_table_definition table_name, options[:temporary], options[:options], options[:as] if !options[:as] unless options[:id] == false pk = options.fetch(:primary_key) { Base.get_primary_key table_name.to_s.singularize } td.primary_key pk, options.fetch(:id, :primary_key), options end yield td if block_given? end if options[:force] && table_exists?(table_name) drop_table(table_name, options) end execute schema_creation.accept td td.indexes.each_pair { |c,o| add_index table_name, c, o } end
Drops the join table specified by the given arguments. See create_join_table
for details.
Although this command ignores the block if one is given, it can be helpful to provide one in a migration's change
method so it can be reverted. In that case, the block will be used by create_join_table.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 268 def drop_join_table(table_1, table_2, options = {}) join_table_name = find_join_table_name(table_1, table_2, options) drop_table(join_table_name) end
Drops a table from the database.
Although this command ignores options
and the block if one is given, it can be helpful to provide these in a migration's change
method so it can be reverted. In that case, options
and the block will be used by create_table.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 366 def drop_table(table_name, options = {}) execute "DROP TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)}" end
Checks to see if an index exists on a table for a given index definition.
# Check an index exists index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id) # Check an index on multiple columns exists index_exists?(:suppliers, [:company_id, :company_type]) # Check a unique index exists index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id, unique: true) # Check an index with a custom name exists index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id, name: "idx_company_id")
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 45 def index_exists?(table_name, column_name, options = {}) column_names = Array(column_name) index_name = options.key?(:name) ? options[:name].to_s : index_name(table_name, :column => column_names) if options[:unique] indexes(table_name).any?{ |i| i.unique && i.name == index_name } else indexes(table_name).any?{ |i| i.name == index_name } end end
Verifies the existence of an index with a given name.
The default argument is returned if the underlying implementation does not define the indexes method, as there's no way to determine the correct answer in that case.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 598 def index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, default) return default unless respond_to?(:indexes) index_name = index_name.to_s indexes(table_name).detect { |i| i.name == index_name } end
Should not be called normally, but this operation is non-destructive. The migrations module handles this automatically.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 655 def initialize_schema_migrations_table ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create_table end
Returns a hash of mappings from the abstract data types to the native database types. See ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details on the recognized abstract data types.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 11 def native_database_types {} end
Removes the column from the table definition.
remove_column(:suppliers, :qualification)
The type
and options
parameters will be ignored if present. It can be helpful to provide these in a migration's change
method so it can be reverted. In that case, type
and options
will be used by add_column.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 396 def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {}) execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP #{quote_column_name(column_name)}" end
Removes the given columns from the table definition.
remove_columns(:suppliers, :qualification, :experience)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 382 def remove_columns(table_name, *column_names) raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name. Example: remove_columns(:people, :first_name)") if column_names.empty? column_names.each do |column_name| remove_column(table_name, column_name) end end
Removes the given index from the table.
Removes the index_accounts_on_column
in the accounts
table.
remove_index :accounts, :column
Removes the index named index_accounts_on_branch_id
in the accounts
table.
remove_index :accounts, column: :branch_id
Removes the index named index_accounts_on_branch_id_and_party_id
in the accounts
table.
remove_index :accounts, column: [:branch_id, :party_id]
Removes the index named by_branch_party
in the accounts
table.
remove_index :accounts, name: :by_branch_party
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 558 def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) remove_index!(table_name, index_name_for_remove(table_name, options)) end
Removes the reference(s). Also removes a type
column if one exists. remove_reference
, remove_references
and remove_belongs_to
are acceptable.
Remove the reference
remove_reference(:products, :user, index: true)
Remove polymorphic reference
remove_reference(:products, :supplier, polymorphic: true)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 639 def remove_reference(table_name, ref_name, options = {}) remove_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_id") remove_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_type") if options[:polymorphic] end
Removes the timestamp columns (created_at
and updated_at
) from the table definition.
remove_timestamps(:suppliers)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 734 def remove_timestamps(table_name) remove_column table_name, :updated_at remove_column table_name, :created_at end
Renames a column.
rename_column(:suppliers, :description, :name)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 447 def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) raise NotImplementedError, "rename_column is not implemented" end
Renames an index.
Rename the index_people_on_last_name
index to index_users_on_last_name
:
rename_index :people, 'index_people_on_last_name', 'index_users_on_last_name'
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 572 def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name) # this is a naive implementation; some DBs may support this more efficiently (Postgres, for instance) old_index_def = indexes(table_name).detect { |i| i.name == old_name } return unless old_index_def add_index(table_name, old_index_def.columns, name: new_name, unique: old_index_def.unique) remove_index(table_name, name: old_name) end
Renames a table.
rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 357 def rename_table(table_name, new_name) raise NotImplementedError, "rename_table is not implemented" end
Truncates a table alias according to the limits of the current adapter.
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 16 def table_alias_for(table_name) table_name[0...table_alias_length].tr('.', '_') end
Checks to see if the table table_name
exists on the database.
table_exists?(:developers)
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 24 def table_exists?(table_name) tables.include?(table_name.to_s) end
Protected Instance Methods
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 773 def add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options = {}) column_names = Array(column_name) index_name = index_name(table_name, column: column_names) options.assert_valid_keys(:unique, :order, :name, :where, :length, :internal, :using, :algorithm, :type) index_type = options[:unique] ? "UNIQUE" : "" index_type = options[:type].to_s if options.key?(:type) index_name = options[:name].to_s if options.key?(:name) max_index_length = options.fetch(:internal, false) ? index_name_length : allowed_index_name_length if options.key?(:algorithm) algorithm = index_algorithms.fetch(options[:algorithm]) { raise ArgumentError.new("Algorithm must be one of the following: #{index_algorithms.keys.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}") } end using = "USING #{options[:using]}" if options[:using].present? if supports_partial_index? index_options = options[:where] ? " WHERE #{options[:where]}" : "" end if index_name.length > max_index_length raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' is too long; the limit is #{max_index_length} characters" end if index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, false) raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' already exists" end index_columns = quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options).join(", ") [index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, algorithm, using] end
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 744 def add_index_sort_order(option_strings, column_names, options = {}) if options.is_a?(Hash) && order = options[:order] case order when Hash column_names.each {|name| option_strings[name] += " #{order[name].upcase}" if order.has_key?(name)} when String column_names.each {|name| option_strings[name] += " #{order.upcase}"} end end return option_strings end
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 807 def index_name_for_remove(table_name, options = {}) index_name = index_name(table_name, options) unless index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, true) if options.is_a?(Hash) && options.has_key?(:name) options_without_column = options.dup options_without_column.delete :column index_name_without_column = index_name(table_name, options_without_column) return index_name_without_column if index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name_without_column, false) end raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' does not exist" end index_name end
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 769 def options_include_default?(options) options.include?(:default) && !(options[:null] == false && options[:default].nil?) end
Overridden by the mysql adapter for supporting index lengths
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 758 def quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options = {}) option_strings = Hash[column_names.map {|name| [name, '']}] # add index sort order if supported if supports_index_sort_order? option_strings = add_index_sort_order(option_strings, column_names, options) end column_names.map {|name| quote_column_name(name) + option_strings[name]} end
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 834 def rename_column_indexes(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) column_name, new_column_name = column_name.to_s, new_column_name.to_s indexes(table_name).each do |index| next unless index.columns.include?(new_column_name) old_columns = index.columns.dup old_columns[old_columns.index(new_column_name)] = column_name generated_index_name = index_name(table_name, column: old_columns) if generated_index_name == index.name rename_index table_name, generated_index_name, index_name(table_name, column: index.columns) end end end
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb, line 825 def rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name) indexes(new_name).each do |index| generated_index_name = index_name(table_name, column: index.columns) if generated_index_name == index.name rename_index new_name, generated_index_name, index_name(new_name, column: index.columns) end end end
© 2004–2016 David Heinemeier Hansson
Licensed under the MIT License.