pwd — The password database

This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database. It is available on all Unix versions.

Password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes correspond to the members of the passwd structure (Attribute field below, see <pwd.h>):

Index	Attribute	Meaning
0	`pw_name`	Login name
1	`pw_passwd`	Optional encrypted password
2	`pw_uid`	Numerical user ID
3	`pw_gid`	Numerical group ID
4	`pw_gecos`	User name or comment field
5	`pw_dir`	User home directory
6	`pw_shell`	User command interpreter

The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings. KeyError is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.

Note

In traditional Unix the field pw_passwd usually contains a password encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module crypt). However most modern unices use a so-called shadow password system. On those unices the pw_passwd field only contains an asterisk ('*') or the letter 'x' where the encrypted password is stored in a file /etc/shadow which is not world readable. Whether the pw_passwd field contains anything useful is system-dependent. If available, the spwd module should be used where access to the encrypted password is required.

It defines the following items:

pwd.getpwuid(uid): Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.

pwd.getpwnam(name): Return the password database entry for the given user name.

pwd.getpwall(): Return a list of all available password database entries, in arbitrary order.