Math::BigInt

sticks

  use Math::BigInt;

  # or make it faster with huge numbers: install (optional)
  # Math::BigInt::GMP and always use (it will fall back to
  # pure Perl if the GMP library is not installed):
  # (See also the L<MATH LIBRARY> section!)

  # will warn if Math::BigInt::GMP cannot be found
  use Math::BigInt lib => 'GMP';

  # to suppress the warning use this:
  # use Math::BigInt try => 'GMP';

  # dies if GMP cannot be loaded:
  # use Math::BigInt only => 'GMP';

  my $str = '1234567890';
  my @values = (64,74,18);
  my $n = 1; my $sign = '-';

  # Number creation	
  my $x = Math::BigInt->new($str);	# defaults to 0
  my $y = $x->copy();			# make a true copy
  my $nan  = Math::BigInt->bnan(); 	# create a NotANumber
  my $zero = Math::BigInt->bzero();	# create a +0
  my $inf = Math::BigInt->binf();	# create a +inf
  my $inf = Math::BigInt->binf('-');	# create a -inf
  my $one = Math::BigInt->bone();	# create a +1
  my $mone = Math::BigInt->bone('-');	# create a -1

  my $pi = Math::BigInt->bpi();		# returns '3'
		# see Math::BigFloat::bpi()

  $h = Math::BigInt->new('0x123');	# from hexadecimal
  $b = Math::BigInt->new('0b101');	# from binary
  $o = Math::BigInt->from_oct('0101');	# from octal

  # Testing (don't modify their arguments)
  # (return true if the condition is met, otherwise false)

  $x->is_zero();	# if $x is +0
  $x->is_nan();		# if $x is NaN
  $x->is_one();		# if $x is +1
  $x->is_one('-');	# if $x is -1
  $x->is_odd();		# if $x is odd
  $x->is_even();	# if $x is even
  $x->is_pos();		# if $x > 0
  $x->is_neg();		# if $x < 0
  $x->is_inf($sign);	# if $x is +inf, or -inf (sign is default '+')
  $x->is_int();		# if $x is an integer (not a float)

  # comparing and digit/sign extraction
  $x->bcmp($y);		# compare numbers (undef,<0,=0,>0)
  $x->bacmp($y);	# compare absolutely (undef,<0,=0,>0)
  $x->sign();		# return the sign, either +,- or NaN
  $x->digit($n);	# return the nth digit, counting from right
  $x->digit(-$n);	# return the nth digit, counting from left

  # The following all modify their first argument. If you want to pre-
  # serve $x, use $z = $x->copy()->bXXX($y); See under L<CAVEATS> for
  # why this is necessary when mixing $a = $b assignments with non-over-
  # loaded math.

  $x->bzero();		# set $x to 0
  $x->bnan();		# set $x to NaN
  $x->bone();		# set $x to +1
  $x->bone('-');	# set $x to -1
  $x->binf();		# set $x to inf
  $x->binf('-');	# set $x to -inf

  $x->bneg();		# negation
  $x->babs();		# absolute value
  $x->bsgn();		# sign function (-1, 0, 1, or NaN)
  $x->bnorm();		# normalize (no-op in BigInt)
  $x->bnot();		# two's complement (bit wise not)
  $x->binc();		# increment $x by 1
  $x->bdec();		# decrement $x by 1

  $x->badd($y);		# addition (add $y to $x)
  $x->bsub($y);		# subtraction (subtract $y from $x)
  $x->bmul($y);		# multiplication (multiply $x by $y)
  $x->bdiv($y);		# divide, set $x to quotient
# return (quo,rem) or quo if scalar

  $x->bmuladd($y,$z);	# $x = $x * $y + $z

  $x->bmod($y);		# modulus (x % y)
  $x->bmodpow($y,$mod); # modular exponentiation (($x ** $y) % $mod)
  $x->bmodinv($mod);    # modular multiplicative inverse
  $x->bpow($y);		# power of arguments (x ** y)
  $x->blsft($y);	# left shift in base 2
  $x->brsft($y);	# right shift in base 2
# returns (quo,rem) or quo if in sca-
# lar context
  $x->blsft($y,$n);	# left shift by $y places in base $n
  $x->brsft($y,$n);	# right shift by $y places in base $n
# returns (quo,rem) or quo if in sca-
# lar context

  $x->band($y);		# bitwise and
  $x->bior($y);		# bitwise inclusive or
  $x->bxor($y);		# bitwise exclusive or
  $x->bnot();		# bitwise not (two's complement)

  $x->bsqrt();		# calculate square-root
  $x->broot($y);	# $y'th root of $x (e.g. $y == 3 => cubic root)
  $x->bfac();		# factorial of $x (1*2*3*4*..$x)

  $x->bnok($y);		# x over y (binomial coefficient n over k)

  $x->blog();		# logarithm of $x to base e (Euler's number)
  $x->blog($base);	# logarithm of $x to base $base (f.i. 2)
  $x->bexp();		# calculate e ** $x where e is Euler's number

  $x->round($A,$P,$mode);  # round to accuracy or precision using
   # mode $mode
  $x->bround($n);	   # accuracy: preserve $n digits
  $x->bfround($n);	   # $n > 0: round $nth digits,
   # $n < 0: round to the $nth digit after the
   # dot, no-op for BigInts

  # The following do not modify their arguments in BigInt (are no-ops),
  # but do so in BigFloat:

  $x->bfloor();            # round towards minus infinity
  $x->bceil();             # round towards plus infinity
  $x->bint();              # round towards zero

  # The following do not modify their arguments:

  # greatest common divisor (no OO style)
  my $gcd = Math::BigInt::bgcd(@values);
  # lowest common multiple (no OO style)
  my $lcm = Math::BigInt::blcm(@values);

  $x->length();		   # return number of digits in number
  ($xl,$f) = $x->length(); # length of number and length of fraction
   # part, latter is always 0 digits long
   # for BigInts

  $x->exponent();	  # return exponent as BigInt
  $x->mantissa();	  # return (signed) mantissa as BigInt
  $x->parts();		  # return (mantissa,exponent) as BigInt
  $x->copy();		  # make a true copy of $x (unlike $y = $x;)
  $x->as_int();		  # return as BigInt (in BigInt: same as copy())
  $x->numify();		  # return as scalar (might overflow!)

  # conversion to string (do not modify their argument)
  $x->bstr();	      # normalized string (e.g. '3')
  $x->bsstr();	      # norm. string in scientific notation (e.g. '3E0')
  $x->as_hex();	      # as signed hexadecimal string with prefixed 0x
  $x->as_bin();	      # as signed binary string with prefixed 0b
  $x->as_oct();	      # as signed octal string with prefixed 0

  # precision and accuracy (see section about rounding for more)
  $x->precision();	 # return P of $x (or global, if P of $x undef)
  $x->precision($n);	 # set P of $x to $n
  $x->accuracy();	 # return A of $x (or global, if A of $x undef)
  $x->accuracy($n);	 # set A $x to $n

  # Global methods
  Math::BigInt->precision();   # get/set global P for all BigInt objects
  Math::BigInt->accuracy();    # get/set global A for all BigInt objects
  Math::BigInt->round_mode();  # get/set global round mode, one of
       # 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero',
       # 'trunc' or 'common'
  Math::BigInt->config();      # return hash containing configuration

Math::BigInt

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Input

Output

METHODS

ACCURACY and PRECISION

Precision P

Accuracy A

Fallback F

Rounding mode R

Infinity and Not a Number

INTERNALS

MATH LIBRARY

What library to use?

SIGN

mantissa(), exponent() and parts()

EXAMPLES

Autocreating constants

PERFORMANCE

Alternative math libraries

SUBCLASSING

Subclassing Math::BigInt

UPGRADING

Auto-upgrade

EXPORTS

CAVEATS

BUGS

SUPPORT

LICENSE

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS