Window Systems

Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window System. Both Emacs and X use the term “window”, but use it differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all.

Variable: window-system

This terminal-local variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is using for displaying the frame. The possible values are

x

Emacs is displaying the frame using X.

w32

Emacs is displaying the frame using native MS-Windows GUI.

ns

Emacs is displaying the frame using the Nextstep interface (used on GNUstep and macOS).

pc

Emacs is displaying the frame using MS-DOS direct screen writes.

nil

Emacs is displaying the frame on a character-based terminal.

Variable: initial-window-system

This variable holds the value of window-system used for the first frame created by Emacs during startup. (When Emacs is invoked as a daemon, it does not create any initial frames, so initial-window-system is nil, except on MS-Windows, where it is still w32. See daemon in The GNU Emacs Manual.)

Function: window-system &optional frame

This function returns a symbol whose name tells what window system is used for displaying frame (which defaults to the currently selected frame). The list of possible symbols it returns is the same one documented for the variable window-system above.

Do not use window-system and initial-window-system as predicates or boolean flag variables, if you want to write code that works differently on text terminals and graphic displays. That is because window-system is not a good indicator of Emacs capabilities on a given display type. Instead, use display-graphic-p or any of the other display-*-p predicates described in Display Feature Testing.