HTML Helper

The HTML Helper file contains functions that assist in working with HTML.

Loading this Helper
Available Functions

Loading this Helper

This helper is loaded using the following code:

$this->load->helper('html');

Available Functions

The following functions are available:

heading([$data = ''[, $h = '1'[, $attributes = '']]])

Parameters:	$data (string) – Content $h (string) – Heading level $attributes (mixed) – HTML attributes
Returns:	HTML heading tag
Return type:	string

Lets you create HTML heading tags. The first parameter will contain the data, the second the size of the heading. Example:

echo heading('Welcome!', 3);

The above would produce: <h3>Welcome!</h3>

Additionally, in order to add attributes to the heading tag such as HTML classes, ids or inline styles, a third parameter accepts either a string or an array:

echo heading('Welcome!', 3, 'class="pink"');
echo heading('How are you?', 4, array('id' => 'question', 'class' => 'green'));

The above code produces:

<h3 class="pink">Welcome!<h3>
<h4 id="question" class="green">How are you?</h4>

img([$src = ''[, $index_page = FALSE[, $attributes = '']]])

Parameters:	$src (string) – Image source data $index_page (bool) – Whether to treat $src as a routed URI string $attributes (array) – HTML attributes
Returns:	HTML image tag
Return type:	string

Lets you create HTML <img /> tags. The first parameter contains the image source. Example:

echo img('images/picture.jpg'); // gives <img src="http://site.com/images/picture.jpg" />

There is an optional second parameter that is a TRUE/FALSE value that specifics if the src should have the page specified by $config['index_page'] added to the address it creates. Presumably, this would be if you were using a media controller:

echo img('images/picture.jpg', TRUE); // gives <img src="http://site.com/index.php/images/picture.jpg" alt="" />

Additionally, an associative array can be passed to the img() function for complete control over all attributes and values. If an alt attribute is not provided, CodeIgniter will generate an empty string.

Example:

$image_properties = array(
        'src'   => 'images/picture.jpg',
        'alt'   => 'Me, demonstrating how to eat 4 slices of pizza at one time',
        'class' => 'post_images',
        'width' => '200',
        'height'=> '200',
        'title' => 'That was quite a night',
        'rel'   => 'lightbox'
);

img($image_properties);
// <img src="http://site.com/index.php/images/picture.jpg" alt="Me, demonstrating how to eat 4 slices of pizza at one time" class="post_images" width="200" height="200" title="That was quite a night" rel="lightbox" />

link_tag([$href = ''[, $rel = 'stylesheet'[, $type = 'text/css'[, $title = ''[, $media = ''[, $index_page = FALSE]]]]]])

Parameters:	$href (string) – What are we linking to $rel (string) – Relation type $type (string) – Type of the related document $title (string) – Link title $media (string) – Media type $index_page (bool) – Whether to treat $src as a routed URI string
Returns:	HTML link tag
Return type:	string

Lets you create HTML <link /> tags. This is useful for stylesheet links, as well as other links. The parameters are href, with optional rel, type, title, media and index_page.

index_page is a boolean value that specifies if the href should have the page specified by $config['index_page'] added to the address it creates.

Example:

echo link_tag('css/mystyles.css');
// gives <link href="http://site.com/css/mystyles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

Further examples:

echo link_tag('favicon.ico', 'shortcut icon', 'image/ico');
// <link href="http://site.com/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" />

echo link_tag('feed', 'alternate', 'application/rss+xml', 'My RSS Feed');
// <link href="http://site.com/feed" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="My RSS Feed" />

Additionally, an associative array can be passed to the link() function for complete control over all attributes and values:

$link = array(
        'href'  => 'css/printer.css',
        'rel'   => 'stylesheet',
        'type'  => 'text/css',
        'media' => 'print'
);

echo link_tag($link);
// <link href="http://site.com/css/printer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" />

ul($list[, $attributes = ''])

Parameters:	$list (array) – List entries $attributes (array) – HTML attributes
Returns:	HTML-formatted unordered list
Return type:	string

Permits you to generate unordered HTML lists from simple or multi-dimensional arrays. Example:

$list = array(
        'red',
        'blue',
        'green',
        'yellow'
);

$attributes = array(
        'class' => 'boldlist',
        'id'    => 'mylist'
);

echo ul($list, $attributes);

The above code will produce this:

<ul class="boldlist" id="mylist">
        <li>red</li>
        <li>blue</li>
        <li>green</li>
        <li>yellow</li>
</ul>

Here is a more complex example, using a multi-dimensional array:

$attributes = array(
        'class' => 'boldlist',
        'id'    => 'mylist'
);

$list = array(
        'colors'  => array(
                'red',
                'blue',
                'green'
        ),
        'shapes'  => array(
                'round',
                'square',
                'circles' => array(
                        'ellipse',
                        'oval',
                        'sphere'
                )
        ),
        'moods'  => array(
                'happy',
                'upset' => array(
                        'defeated' => array(
                                'dejected',
                                'disheartened',
                                'depressed'
                        ),
                        'annoyed',
                        'cross',
                        'angry'
                )
        )
);

echo ul($list, $attributes);

The above code will produce this:

<ul class="boldlist" id="mylist">
        <li>colors
                <ul>
                        <li>red</li>
                        <li>blue</li>
                        <li>green</li>
                </ul>
        </li>
        <li>shapes
                <ul>
                        <li>round</li>
                        <li>suare</li>
                        <li>circles
                                <ul>
                                        <li>elipse</li>
                                        <li>oval</li>
                                        <li>sphere</li>
                                </ul>
                        </li>
                </ul>
        </li>
        <li>moods
                <ul>
                        <li>happy</li>
                        <li>upset
                                <ul>
                                        <li>defeated
                                                <ul>
                                                        <li>dejected</li>
                                                        <li>disheartened</li>
                                                        <li>depressed</li>
                                                </ul>
                                        </li>
                                        <li>annoyed</li>
                                        <li>cross</li>
                                        <li>angry</li>
                                </ul>
                        </li>
                </ul>
        </li>
</ul>

ol($list, $attributes = '')

Parameters:	$list (array) – List entries $attributes (array) – HTML attributes
Returns:	HTML-formatted ordered list
Return type:	string

Identical to ul(), only it produces the <ol> tag for ordered lists instead of <ul>.

meta([$name = ''[, $content = ''[, $type = 'name'[, $newline = "n"]]]])

Parameters:	$name (string) – Meta name $content (string) – Meta content $type (string) – Meta type $newline (string) – Newline character
Returns:	HTML meta tag
Return type:	string

Helps you generate meta tags. You can pass strings to the function, or simple arrays, or multidimensional ones.

Examples:

echo meta('description', 'My Great site');
// Generates:  <meta name="description" content="My Great Site" />

echo meta('Content-type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'equiv');
// Note the third parameter.  Can be "equiv" or "name"
// Generates:  <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

echo meta(array('name' => 'robots', 'content' => 'no-cache'));
// Generates:  <meta name="robots" content="no-cache" />

$meta = array(
        array(
                'name' => 'robots',
                'content' => 'no-cache'
        ),
        array(
                'name' => 'description',
                'content' => 'My Great Site'
        ),
        array(
                'name' => 'keywords',
                'content' => 'love, passion, intrigue, deception'
        ),
        array(
                'name' => 'robots',
                'content' => 'no-cache'
        ),
        array(
                'name' => 'Content-type',
                'content' => 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'type' => 'equiv'
        )
);

echo meta($meta);
// Generates:
// <meta name="robots" content="no-cache" />
// <meta name="description" content="My Great Site" />
// <meta name="keywords" content="love, passion, intrigue, deception" />
// <meta name="robots" content="no-cache" />
// <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

doctype([$type = 'xhtml1-strict'])

Parameters:	$type (string) – Doctype name
Returns:	HTML DocType tag
Return type:	string

Helps you generate document type declarations, or DTD’s. XHTML 1.0 Strict is used by default, but many doctypes are available.

Example:

echo doctype(); // <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

echo doctype('html4-trans'); // <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

The following is a list of doctype choices. These are configurable, and pulled from application/config/doctypes.php

Document type	Option	Result
XHTML 1.1	xhtml11	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”>
XHTML 1.0 Strict	xhtml1-strict	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd”>
XHTML 1.0 Transitional	xhtml1-trans	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”>
XHTML 1.0 Frameset	xhtml1-frame	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd”>
XHTML Basic 1.1	xhtml-basic11	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd”>
HTML 5	html5	<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML 4 Strict	html4-strict	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd”>
HTML 4 Transitional	html4-trans	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd”>
HTML 4 Frameset	html4-frame	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd”>
MathML 1.01	mathml1	<!DOCTYPE math SYSTEM “http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd”>
MathML 2.0	mathml2	<!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd”>
SVG 1.0	svg10	<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd”>
SVG 1.1 Full	svg11	<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd”>
SVG 1.1 Basic	svg11-basic	<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Basic//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd”>
SVG 1.1 Tiny	svg11-tiny	<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Tiny//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd”>
XHTML+MathML+SVG (XHTML host)	xhtml-math-svg-xh	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd”>
XHTML+MathML+SVG (SVG host)	xhtml-math-svg-sh	<!DOCTYPE svg:svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd”>
XHTML+RDFa 1.0	xhtml-rdfa-1	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN” “http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd”>
XHTML+RDFa 1.1	xhtml-rdfa-2	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-2.dtd”>

br([$count = 1])

Parameters:	$count (int) – Number of times to repeat the tag
Returns:	HTML line break tag
Return type:	string

Generates line break tags (<br />) based on the number you submit. Example:

echo br(3);

The above would produce:

<br /><br /><br />

Note

This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native str_repeat() in combination with <br /> instead.

nbs([$num = 1])

Parameters:	$num (int) – Number of space entities to produce
Returns:	A sequence of non-breaking space HTML entities
Return type:	string

Generates non-breaking spaces ( ) based on the number you submit. Example:

echo nbs(3);

The above would produce:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Note

This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native str_repeat() in combination with   instead.

© 2014–2020 British Columbia Institute of Technology
Licensed under the MIT License.
https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/html_helper.html